Nusret Drešković, Edin Hrelja
CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DURING THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF SARAJEVO
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.36
UDC: 911.2:551.58(397.6Sarajevo) "1888/2023"
The analysis of climate fluctuations in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the instrumental period is essentially based on the examination of variations in average annual temperatures and average annual precipitation sums. These two climatic elements are essentially fundamental expressions of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the spatial-temporal dynamics of other climatic elements and thus reflect most of the climatic specifics of a given area.
The Sarajevo-Bjelave meteorological station has a homogeneous dataset of observations and measurements for these two climatic elements from 1888 to the present, which is a representative instrumental period for studying climate fluctuations. This analysis is particularly significant given that the Sarajevo Basin is a true spatial representative of the general climatic features of the mountainous part of Southeastern Europe, and thus can serve as a valuable complement to understanding the scale of climate fluctuations across the entire European continent.
For analyzing fluctuations in the thermal regime, in addition to analyzing mean annual and seasonal averages, the method of moving or progressive temperature averages was used. This method aims to eliminate the shortest-term oscillations related to one-year intervals, while highlighting fluctuations over multi-year periods. Investigations of fluctuations in the annual precipitation regime are also fundamental indicators in the study of climate variations. The analysis of this climatic parameter is based on studying annual and seasonal precipitation sums, with the methodology being identical to that used in the analysis of temperature fluctuations.
The mean annual temperature for the entire instrumental period (1888 to 2023) is 9.8°C, but there are noticeable interannual variations, ranging between 7.71°C (in 1893) and 11,90°C (in 2023). The average secular value of annual precipitation is 918.8 mm, but there is a pronounced dispersion of individual annual precipitation sums around the instrumental average. The lowest average annual precipitation sum of 625.0 mm was recorded in 1926, while the highest annual precipitation maximum of 1534.0 mm was recorded in 1915.
The study also identified cycles with an average duration of 7 to 11 years, with variations in their number and average duration within the thermal and precipitation regimes.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, climate fluctuation, Sarajevo, instrumental monitoring, temperature, precipitation.
Ajla Gračić, Ranko Mirić, Aida Korjenić
PROPOSAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSVERSAL ROUTES WITH THE AIM OF CONNECTING THE WHITE AND THE GREEN TRAIL WITHIN THE VIA DINARICA CONCEPT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.53
UDC: 338.48:796.5(234.422.1)(497.6)
Bosnia and Herzegovina's potential to be conceptualized as a country with significant opportunities for sustainable tourism development in sensitive natural areas, serves as a guiding principle in analyzing the relief and cultural characteristics of the region framed by the trails presented in the Via Dinarica project.
Within the area delineated by the Green and White Trails, defined by the Via Dinarica project, three new trails have been designed, oriented in a direction contrasting to the "Dinaric" one. The correlation between the growing outdoor tourism and the geomorphological foundation is undeniable, and the "Kontra Dinarica" trails serve as indicators of a continuous array of impressive geomorphological forms within the Dinaric karst, which is, along with the region's centuries-old cultural interweaving, in position to enable Bosnia and Herzegovina to leverage these assets for tourism development, thus contributing to overall economic growth.
Using the inductive-deductive method, the study synthesizes the tourism potential of the motifs of the three trails in their mutual complementarity, as understood through field research and analysis. The findings are presented through quantitative and qualitative parameters in a tabular form, with their recognized significance further illustrated by cartographic visuals created using ArcGIS (10.3.), while graphical representations depict the elevation changes along the trails.
Keywords: Dinarides, sustainable and outdoor tourism, hiking trails, Via Dinarica.
Amra Banda, Muniba Osmanović, Belma Durmišević, Maida Zejnić
TOURISM AS A FACTOR IN THE PHYSIOGNOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF PROTECTED AREAS – CASE STUDY OF THE NATURAL MONUMENT PROKOŠKO LAKE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.70
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1(497.6Prokoško jezero)"2018/2024"
This paper examines the impact of tourism on the physiognomic transformation of protected natural areas, with a particular focus on the Natural Monument (NM) Prokoško Lake in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through spatial and temporal analysis based on GIS tools and Corine Land Cover data, the study identifies significant land cover changes, especially over the last two decades, driven by increased tourist visits and unregulated construction. The expansion of recreational zones, transformation of natural habitats, and the proliferation of illegally built structures have contributed to the degradation of the lake’s ecosystem, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of its hydrological balance. While tourism has brought certain economic benefits, the lack of sustainable planning and effective environmental governance has led to negative long-term consequences for this protected area. The research underscores the urgent need for integrated and sustainable management strategies, including stricter construction controls, ecological monitoring, waste management systems, and the promotion of ecotourism to ensure the preservation of Prokoško Lake for future generations.
Keywords: physiognomic transformation, tourism, Prokoško lake, unplanned construction.
Alma Pobrić
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND URBAN RESTRUTURING AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN SARAJEVO CANTON
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.82
UDC: 911.37[314:338.48](497.6KS)"1991/2023"
The main goal of this paper is to present and analyse the demographic trend and urban changes caused by the development of tourism and the increase in overnight arrivals. Market capitalism brought numerous changes to the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper connects the current process of urban restructuring of Sarajevo as the capital, the development of tourism and the demographic aging of the population with pronounced depopulation in the old and central part of the city compared to the rest of the Canton. The central city core is increasingly commercialized and population can hardly afford housing in the central city municipalities. The demographic picture, otherwise variable in space and time, indicates a low rate of natural movement, an uneven structure of the population and its predominant concentration in the peripheral municipalities of the canton. The increase in tourist arrivals and investment by investors in new hotels and residential and business complexes around the city center increase the prices of apartments and affect the migration of young people to the outskirts of the city.
Keywords: tourism, demographic aging, investors, urban restructuring, Sarajevo.
Qerim Kastrati
TOURIST-GEOGRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF THE MOST VALUABLE HYDROGRAPHIC TOURISTIC MOTIVES OF PROKLETIJE MOUNTAINS
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.94
UDC: 911.3[338.48:551.44](234.42Prokletije)
The subject of research in this paper is the identification, classification and evaluation of the tourist motifs of Bjeshkët e Nemuna and their spatial distribution. In carrying out the set scientific objective of the research, the following tasks were realized: analysis of available literary and cartographic data and theoretical identification and classification of tourist motifs, field observation and collection of supplementary data and accompanying photo documentation. Several methods were used, such as: analysis and synthesis, comparative, descriptive, statistical, UNWTO method, "Interpersonal agreement" method, etc. According to the process of tourist-geographic evaluation, the hydrographic tourist motifs of Prokletije as a whole have a high average tourist value (grade 3.65), and are ranked among motifs of national tourist importance. This area offers very good conditions for the development of these forms of tourism: mass winter tourism, eco-tourism, excursion and recreational tourism, mountaineering, hunting tourism, health tourism, etc. Tourism valorization in the area of Bjeshkët e Nemuna shows that all analyzed values of hydrographic tourist motifs have national significance with high values for uniqueness, attractiveness, ambience, the possibility of using motifs for tourist purposes, etc. Based on the collected relevant facts from the available literary sources and the results of field research, the value of hydrographic tourist motives was defined, and the necessary database was established for the purpose of optimizing the tourist offer.
Keywords: touristic offer, touristic resources, hydrographic resources, natural lakes, artificial lakes, waterfalls.
Dragan Glavaš
MANAGEMENT OF A TOURIST DESTINATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF JAJCE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.107
UDC: 338.485(497.6Jajce)"2014/2023"
The administrative structure and management of tourist destinations in Bosnia and Herzegovina is decentralized in accordance with the administrative arrangement. In parallel with tourist associations in certain destinations, there was the formation of bodies that assumed the role of DMO. One of the destinations that formed the DMO is Jajce with the establishment of the public institution "Agency for cultural, historical and natural heritage and development of the tourist potential of the city of Jajce". Jajce stands out due to its prominent, largely protected heritage. A balanced management of an area under the protection regime is essential for the preservation of physical-geographical and biological diversity, socio-cultural heritage and for the market valorization of the offer of the protected area. In this sense, the mentioned destination can be highlighted as an example of destination management at a strategic and operational level.
The implementation of the tourist development policy as well as planning and operationalization of regular tasks resulted in the positioning of Jajce as one of the most recognizable tourist destinations, which has a management system in place. The consequence of the above is the increase in the number of visits, the inclusion of the population and related economic branches in the tourism industry, the formation of a destination product, as well as the implementation of the destination's marketing plan. The implementation of research and analysis in the destination points to the need for a more advanced destination management system as well as tourist infrastructure, the adoption of spatial planning documentation and its implementation with the aim of maintaining the principle of sustainability. The paper presents the basic tourism indicators that aim to show the changes and threats that the destination is facing.
Key words: tourism destination, DMO, Tourism Management, Jajce.
Zikret Hatić, Jasmina Šabić
PLANING OF SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENHANCING THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF STARI GRAD - SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.121
UDC: 338.48-52(497.6 Stari Grad Sarajevo)
The subject of this paper is the analysis of the current state and development opportunities of sports and recreational tourism in the municipality of Stari Grad, Sarajevo. The research focuses on identifying key factors that influence the tourism offer in this segment, taking into account natural resources, infrastructure, and socio-economic aspects. Through the application of qualitative and quantitative methods, including statistical data analysis, surveys, interviews, and case studies, the paper examines how existing sports and recreational facilities can be improved and optimized to increase tourist inflows.
Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the potential for developing new sports and recreational activities that could attract different target groups, including domestic and international tourists. The paper also addresses challenges such as infrastructure deficiencies, insufficient investments, and the need for better coordination between relevant institutions. Based on the conducted research, specific measures are proposed to enhance sports and recreational tourism, including the development of new facilities, infrastructure improvements, and the promotion of the municipality as a destination for active holidays.
The conclusions of the paper highlight the significant potential of the Stari Grad municipality in developing sports and recreational tourism, but also the need for a strategic approach to fully exploit the advantages this area offers. The proposed measures provide a foundation for further development and promotion of this form of tourism, which could lead to an increase in visitor numbers and economic growth for the municipality.
Keywords: sports and recreational tourism, tourism development, Stari Grad municipality, infrastructure, strategy.
Ajla Imamagić, Mevlida Operta
MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF VAREŠ - SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.139
UDC: 553:502(497.6Vareš)
Mineral raw materials are one of the most important resources that had a fundamental meaning for the development of the municipality of Vareš, before, but also today. Mining ores and their processing has been the basic way of doing business for generations. Mining gained great momentum with the construction of blast furnaces at the end of the 19th century, the first furnaces for smelting iron ore in the Balkans. This area is traditionally known for the production of metallic mineral raw materials: iron ore, chromium, lead and zinc with barite. Potential non-metallic mineral raw materials such as: amphibolite, spilite, diabase, gabbro, amphibolite gabbro, limestone, etc., are widely distributed. Among these raw materials, spilites, amphibolites and limestones, suitable for the production of technical-building materials, architectural-decorative stone, and stone wool have been investigated in the most detail.
Various economic branches were developed in this area until 1992, the most important of which were mining and metallurgy. Metallic mineral raw materials were exploited in the Vareš iron ore mine and the Veovača lead, zinc and barite mine. In addition to the exploitation of metallic raw materials, non-metallic raw materials were also exploited, limestone from the Stijene quarry for the needs of the High Kiln and construction industry, and quartz sand from Pobrin Han for the needs of the Foundry. Newer geological and technological research and the execution of mining works as well as laboratory tests represent the continuation of earlier research.
The paper provides an overview of the results of previous investigations (geological, mining, laboratory and technological) of mineral deposits in the municipality of Vareš. In order to find the possibility of using these raw materials, an analysis of the results of previous research on reserves and quality was carried out, and on the basis of the obtained qualitative and quantitative properties, the domains of their possible use were determined. The paper also presents the results of research on mineral raw materials in recent times and points to the problems of environmental protection, based on previous works.
Keywords: mineral raw materials, research, exploitation, qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
Edin Hrelja, Nusret Drešković, Muniba Osmanović
GEODIVERSITY IN THE BIJAMBARE PROTECTED LANDSCAPE - SPATIAL IDENTIFICATION AND GEOVISUALIZATION
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.157
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1GIS(497.6 Bijambare)
Geodiversity encompasses all geological, geomorphological, hydrological, and pedological phenomena and processes. It is also defined as the diversity of the abiotic environment, including the diversity of soils, rocks, minerals, fossils, landforms, underground objects and structures, as well as natural phenomena and processes that have influenced and continue to influence their formation and evolution over time. These elements of geodiversity have scientific, educational, ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and economic value, and thus need to be identified and preserved, typically through formal protection measures – by establishing protected natural areas. The goal of the research is to identify the basic elements of geodiversity in the Bijambare Protected Landscape (PL) and to cartographically visualize and interpret their spatial distribution in accordance with the established protection zones and tourist development of the studied area. The identification of geodiversity is based on desk research (gathering and analyzing literature and cartographic data sources) and field surveys (validation and supplementation of desk research). The cartographic visualization of geodiversity was carried out using modern geoinformation technologies. In the first phase, individual elements of geodiversity were cartographically visualized. In the second phase, by applying a spatial matrix of unit areas of 1x1 km, individual elements were aggregated (analysis of the presence or absence of specific elements within each unit area), and using interpolation tools, a geodiversity map was created. Based on the research conducted, it can be stated that the Bijambare PL stands out for its significant degree of geodiversity within a relatively small spatial extent, which was the primary indicative factor for establishing this protected natural area.
Keywords: Bijambare Protected Landscape, geodiversity, GIS, protected areas, identification, geovisualisation.
Edin Hrelja, Aida Avdić, Ema Huseinčehajić, Amra Alijagić, Amina Zubčević
MEASUREMENT AND GEOVISUALIZATION OF NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS: THE CASE OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY TRG OSLOBOĐENJA–CENTAR SARAJEVO
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.175
UDC: 911.37:502.131.1GIS(497.6Centar Sarajevo)"2024"
Excessive noise levels pose a serious problem in contemporary urban environments, with significant consequences for the environment, human health and overall quality of life. This study focuses on measuring and spatially visualizing noise as one of the major urban pollutants in the local community of Trg Oslobođenja-Centar in Sarajevo. The spatial scope of the research pertains to one of the largest urban centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the research is to analyze, geovisualize and assess the impact of noise based on measurements, in order to identify key pollution points and develop strategies to reduce negative effects. The methodology includes data collection using the mobile application "Decibel X v9.2.8," with measurements taken at 18 locations from March 30 to April 5, 2024. The data were analyzed and processed in GIS using interpolation models to create a cartographic representation of noise levels. The results of this study indicate the need for implementing targeted measures to reduce noise, in order to improve the quality of the urban living environment in Sarajevo. Further research should focus on long-term monitoring of the effects of these measures and their adaptation according to the intensity of urban development, to effectively address the challenges of urban noise pollution in the context of growing urban areas.
Keywords: noise, environmental protection, geovisualization, GIS, interpolation, Sarajevo.
Sadbera Trožić-Borovac, Mahir Gajević, Aldijana Mušović, Senad Šljuka
ASSESSMENT OF THE AQUACULTURE IMPACT ON THE ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE SALAKOVAC RESERVOIR (NERETVA RIVER)
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.188
UDC: 502.131.1:556(497.6Salakovac)"2008/2021"
According to the Management plan for the water area of the Adriatic Sea in the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Salakovac reservoir on the Neretva River belongs to type 13, which includes large lowland waterways. The mentioned reservoir is designated as a heavily altered water body. Within the Water Framework Directive, aquaculture is recognized as a pressure on water bodies, through the intake of nutrients, water pollution, introduction of non-native species, introduction of parasites and one of the ways of introduction of invasive aquatic species. The Salakovac reservoir has a total volume of 68x106 m3 and was created by the construction of a 70 meters high concrete gravity dam in 1981, located on the Neretva River, in the Salakovac settlement (15 km upstream from Mostar). It flows through the canyon section of the Neretva River (20 km long), built of carbonates of Mesozoic age with deposits of diluvial formations of fluvial origin, the left bank is made of limestone, while the right bank is made of dolomite. The work is the result of research (period from 2008 to 2021) as part of biomonitoring and the Aquaculture Study itself in the water area of the Adriatic Sea of FBiH (period from 2008 to 2021). For the purposes of the analysis, measurements of physicochemical parameters were performed with an emphasis on total chlorophyll a, TP and transparency (m). The Trophic State Index (TSI) was used to assess trophicity. In the assessment of the impact of aquaculture, the burden of pollution is indicated through the values of BOD5, TP and TN, as well as the values of nutrients in the sludge upstream and downstream of the fish farm. 8 fish farms with an average of 40 cages were installed on the reservoir. The first fish farm was installed in 1987. The obtained values indicate an increase in the value of trophicity (TSI = 51.381), and especially the concentration of nutrients in the sludge downstream of the cage breeding pond (TP = 1309 mg/kg). As a result of the introduction of ichthyo populations into cages in the period 2016-2019, non-native invasive species Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) and Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 were identified. The trend of degradation continued with the increase of legal and illegal aquaculture facilities.
Keywords: protection, management, degradation, invasive species, control.
Nataša Tabori, Jasmina Osmanković, Jasmin Taletović
SEVEN DECADES OF INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF SARAJEVO
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.210
UDC: 911.37:711.4(497.6KS)"1954/2024"
In accordance with the invitation of organizers and the defined goal of the Congress, the paper focuses on presenting most relevant experiences of spatial and urban planning of Sarajevo with a special reference to the key institution of planning and development of Sarajevo (1954-2024) within the scientific session entitled Spatial and Urban Planning. This paper contributes to solving the observed problem, in other words to bridge the destinguished gap that relates to knowledge, visibility, and valorization of experience in spatial and urban planning of Sarajevo. The research proves that planning and development of Sarajevo is integral and inclusive, and that it follows development of planning in other relevant continental European centers. The basic method of research is a historical method, a method of analysis of documentation, and a method of synthesis. Comparative analysis includes institutions of planning and development in Ljubljana (Ljubljana Urban Planning Institute) and Prague (Institute of Planning and Development of Prague). The time frame of analysis is relevant (1945-2045) and covers the last century. The spatial frame is Sarajevo Canton and City territory. The structure of the research is determined by the following: abstract, introductory notes, methodology, research outputs, discussion on research outputs, conclusion, recommendations, and sources. Within the central part of the work, the outputs of the research and discussion especially emphasize the arguments for proving the integrality and inclusivity of the development process and the capacity of the Institute, the key institution of development and planning. The study presented in the paper should first contribute to the visibility and valorization of all aspects of spatial and urban planning of Sarajevo in the period from 1945; Secondly, it should encourage new research within international science projects, especially European and thirdly, it should initiate creation of new interdisciplinary studies for Southeast Europe at the University of Sarajevo.
Keywords: Integral Spatial and Urban Planning, Institution, Sarajevo Canton Institute of Planning and Development, Ljubljana Urban Planning Institute, Institute of Planning and Development Prague.
Marko Sedlak, Vladimir Malinić, Marko Joksimović Marko
POSSIBILITY OF ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BORDER AREAS OF SERBIA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.227
UDC: 711.061:332.15SWOT(497.11)
Border areas of Serbia are areas of outstanding natural beauty and protected zones, but demographically and economically less developed parts of the country. The problem of this research is based on the initial assumption that the border area of Serbia is less developed compared to the national average. The border areas of Serbia face various limitations of regional development, such as a polluted environment, depopulation processes, economic lagging behind the national average, and a mostly marginal role when it comes to investments and the development of entrepreneurship. For this reason, the subject of this paper's analysis will be the selection of preconditions that must be met to facilitate the achievement of all sustainable development goals. In modern times, regional development planning is carried out using the concept of sustainable development, which has three key components: ecological, economic, and social. This paper aims to present the importance and possibility of applying the concept of sustainable development in planning the future development of the border areas of Serbia. The task of the paper is to point out the importance of this concept in planning the development and revitalization of the less developed border areas of Serbia, as well as to assess the possibility and justification of implementing sustainable development goals. The practical importance of this work is reflected in the possibility of achieving the goals of sustainable development in the function of creating regional development strategies. The results of this study will serve as a basis for encouraging regional development and reducing regional disparities at the national level.
Keywords: multidimensionality, marginalization, resources, depopulation, revitalization.
Senada Nezirović
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND LAND USE IN THE TUZLA CANTON REGION
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.247
UDC: 911.3:338.43(497.6TK)"2005/2022"
Agricultural land is one of the most important categories and forms the basis for intensive agricultural production. Agricultural areas can be analyzed depending on their spatial distribution, categorization, use value, size and connectivity of land complexes, as well as the size of holdings. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of agricultural areas in the territory of the Tuzla Canton. Available agricultural land was examined according to categorization, i.e., soil quality classes, land use, and agricultural production. Based on field research, existing knowledge, and the collection of various information and documents, agricultural production in crop farming, fruit growing, and livestock breeding was analyzed. The analysis of the spatial distribution of agricultural land in Tuzla Canton presents its economic value and proposes guidelines for future use and protection. The paper represents theoretical and practical research on contemporary processes of economic development in the Tuzla Canton.
Keywords: agricultural land, Tuzla Canton, plant and animal production.
Branislav Drašković
EAST SARAJEVO – THE CITY WITH THE FASTEST URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.259
UDC: 911.37GIS(497.6I.Sarajevo)"2000/2018"
The paper discusses the spatial development of East Sarajevo, which for almost three decades has been said to be the "biggest construction site" in the Republic of Srpska. The aim of the paper is to confirm or reject the hypothesis, whether East Sarajevo is really developing faster compared to other cities. Data from the Copernicus service were used - a European service for monitoring conditions and changes on the Earth's surface through photo interpretation of satellite images. By comparing data from two periods, we can get an insight into the intensity of urban development in any part of the territory. Several databases were processed within the Copernicus service, CORINE Land Cover (CLC) as well as databases dealing exclusively with urban development such as Urban Atlas and Imperviousness. GIS tools were used for spatial data processing, and Microsoft Excel was used for calculations of changes on individual types of land cover.
The results showed that the hypothesis about the most intense urban development site in the RS is partially confirmed. Namely, according to the CLC database, built-up areas compared to the period 2000-2018. increased from 1113 ha to 1629 ha or by 46%. The municipalities of Istočna Ilidža and Istočno Novo Sarajevo are especially leading, having expanded the urban zone by as much as 300% compared to the initial year 2000. The reason for such a high intensity of urban expansion lies in the fact that East Sarajevo is a new city that was created after the war, mostly inhabited by refugees from Sarajevo. Later, other socio-economic and demographic factors supported these processes.
Keywords: East Sarajevo, urbanization, development, Copernicus, database.
Radoslav Ranković
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE DEPOPULATION PROCESS OF THE BORDER MUNICIPALITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.271
UDC: 911.3:314.83(497.11)"2014/2023"
The depopulation of the border area of Serbia is not a new phenomenon, but it occupies an important position in contemporary geographical research. Such state is a consequence of the polarization process, i.e. unequal regional development in the center–periphery relation. The object of the study are 44 border municipalities of Serbia and the paper aims to analyze the population change index of these municipalities using a multiple regression model. The mentioned indicator was taken as a dependent variable, since it represents one of the basic measures of the depopulation process, while 13 independent variables were also included in the initial model. Using multiple regression it was established that a statistically significant model (𝑅̅2=0.707; p<0.05) can be formed by including three independent variables: the natural increase rate, the number of marriages and the number of employees in the primary sector. From the adopted model, the municipalities of Čajetina and Veliko Gradište stand out as outliers. The significant deviation of the residual values of these municipalities from the others (12.8 for Čajetina and 7.8 for Veliko Gradište) was influenced by immigration. Only these two border municipalities were distinguished by a positive migration balance in the period 2011–2022. In case of their exclusion from the model, its significance would be higher (𝑅̅2=0.806; p<0.05). The paper represents a contribution to the study of the depopulation process in the border area of Serbia, through the application of a selected statistical method.
Keywords: border municipalities, depopulation, Serbia, multiple regression, population change index.
Jasmin Taletović, Nataša Tabori, Jasmina Osmanković
APPLICATION OF WEB SERVICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTATION OF SARAJEVO CANTON
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.285
UDC: 911.375:711.4GIS(497.6KS)
This paper analyzes the use of web services in spatial planning in the Sarajevo Canton, with a particular focus on WMS and WFS standards. It emphasizes the necessity for spatial data to be accessible, interoperable, and updated in real time. By examining the spatial data infrastructure in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and comparing it with practices in the broader region, key challenges have been identified: a lack of available services, low update frequency, and limited interoperability. The case of Sarajevo Canton illustrates the practical application of web services and highlights the potential for further improvement. Public participation, facilitated through platforms such as WebCity and WebGIS, also plays a significant role in enhancing transparency and inclusiveness in the planning process.
The authors´ experience in spatial planning issues and knowledge in applying web services for produicing the spatial planning documentation in Sarajevo Canton, were the basis for the main hypothesis: „The subjects of spatial data infrastructure (IPP) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) do not offer a sufficient number of topics, nor all topics of spatial data through web services, and cannot act nor provide answers in real time to individual requests of users“. The paper describes the basic knowledge about Web GIS, with an emphasis on WMS and WFS and their advantages and disadvantages, specifically in Sarajevo Canton; the spatial planning system is described with an observation that a stronger public participation is needed through social networks. The IPP in BiH was compared with the countries in the region. The paper pointed out that today the data source is not a map, but rather a spatial database. The map is only a visualization of the spatial database. The terms web services and network service are mostly used in the literature as synonyms. The state of IPPs in FBiH was analyzed with an emphasis on the availability of web services, and the available services were compared with Continental European countries in order to examine similarities and differences. Through the method of conclusion it is proved on the example of Sarajevo Canton to what extent and how the most important spatial problems can be solved by using web services, and in which areas the use of web services should be intensified.
Keywords: web services, spatial data infrastructure (SDI), spatial planning, 3D visualization, public participation, data visualization.
Dušica Jovanović, Maja Bogdanović
WEB GIS WEB GIS PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.299
UDC: 001:061.1GIS(497.6)
In the world of modern technology, geographic information systems (GIS) are an important tool for collecting, analysing and displaying geospatial data. This paper focuses on the development of a web GIS representation of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina. By creating an interactive map, the paper provides a comprehensive insight into the location, characteristics and significance of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and highlights their touristic value. The aim of the paper is to explore how web GIS enhances the representation of UNESCO World Heritage and tourism values and highlights its role in the promotion and conservation of cultural and natural assets. The Web GIS view allows users to analyse information about these sites, such as historical, cultural and natural significance, images, etc. This approach helps users to better understand the value of the World Heritage Sites. The results of the work show how Web GIS can improve the touristic attractiveness and information about cultural and natural heritage.
Keywords: Web GIS, geospatial data, UNESCO heritage, touristic value.
Ahmed Džaferagić, Mevlida Operta
VECTOR MODEL OF THE BASIC GEOLOGICAL MAP OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 1:100,000 IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SPATIAL PLANNING – POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.309
UDC: 528:55GIS[502:711](497.6)
A geological map is a graphical representation of the geological structure, age of rocks, their composition, and interrelationships, as well as other important geological features on a topographic base. Geological maps are the result of long-term and systematic research of a specific area and vary according to their purpose and scale. The first geological maps for the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina were created at the end of the Ottoman administration and during the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After that, especially from the 1960s onward, systematic and detailed geological research and mapping were conducted. As part of the systematic geological research in the former Yugoslavia, between 1962 and 1990, the Basic Geological Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina at a scale of 1:100,000 was produced. The map was divided into sheets, 55 of which fully or partially covered the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was created in an analog format, with an explanatory text printed alongside the map.
In recent years, based on the printed Basic Geological Map, a GIS database and a digital vector geological map have been developed. The GIS database includes descriptions for 17,434 mapped chronostratigraphic units. The attribute table for each geological unit provides information on the age and type of rocks. A special group of data includes information on the position of faults, folds, and thrusts. The digital database and digital vector geological map, among other applications, can be of significant use for environmental protection and spatial planning. This paper highlights some of the opportunities and limitations in using this database and map specifically in the context of environmental protection and spatial planning.
Keywords: vector model, geological map, GIS, environmental protection, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Enisa Kulašin
ENHANCING GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION: APPLYING BLOOM’S TAXONOMY THROUGH LESSON PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND LEARNING EVALUATION
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.328
UDC: 910:371.3BLOOM
This paper explores methods for improving geography teaching by analyzing effective teaching practices, with a focus on lesson planning, implementation, and evaluation. The revised Bloom's taxonomy serves as the central theoretical framework, providing a structured and progressive learning approach that fosters critical thinking and active student engagement. The research aims to provide insights into the impact of Bloom's taxonomy on the quality of teaching processes and learning outcomes.
The introduction highlights the need for modernizing teaching approaches, emphasizing the importance of aligning teaching methods with students' cognitive needs. The methodology employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including lesson plan analysis, classroom observations, interviews, and teacher surveys. Based on the collected data, the study investigates the connections between the theoretical principles of Bloom's taxonomy and their practical application in geography teaching.
The results demonstrate a significant impact of well-defined learning outcomes on student engagement and understanding of content. Additionally, the importance of creative and innovative methods in lesson implementation is highlighted, along with the need for adaptation to individual student needs. Learning evaluation confirms the value of formative approaches and provides guidelines for ongoing reflection and adaptation of teaching practices.
The discussion analyzes the most effective strategies from each segment of the teaching process, linking theoretical and practical aspects. The conclusion summarizes the main findings, emphasizing the need for continuous teacher education and further exploration of integrating Bloom's taxonomy into geography teaching.
This paper contributes to advancing the understanding of Bloom's taxonomy in education, offering teachers concrete guidelines for optimizing teaching processes and supporting students in developing higher cognitive skills.
Keywords: Bloom's taxonomy, geography, teaching practices, learning evaluation, student engagement, teaching optimization, lesson planning, innovative approaches.
Željka Šiljković
IS GEOGRAPHY AS A SCIENCE NECESSARY FOR MODERN SOCIETY?
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2025.6.341
UDC: 911.5/.9:910"19/20"
Numerous natural and social sciences are expanding their research areas into the realm of geography, thereby encroaching on its primary scientific and research domain—space. As a result, geography faces the challenge of its own identity and definition. Since the early 20th century, when agricultural geography abandoned the study of crop-environment relationships and left this to agronomists, pedologists, climatologists, and botanists, and similarly relinquished the issue of waste management not only to biologists and chemists but also to sociologists, psychologists, engineers, and other social, humanistic, and technical sciences, geography has itself narrowed its scientific scope. Its foundational roots have been forgotten, leading to a cycle of traditional geography or the turn towards new geographic disciplines, often invented or New Age geographies (such as the geography of childhood and youth, Life Without Borders, Psychology of Trees and Forests), all in an effort to compete with other sciences within the framework of so-called intellectual imperialism. Despite the varying priorities of geographic research across different countries, it is evident that, in the era of global academic neoliberalism, the status of geography is being leveled across all countries. Our primary thesis should therefore be to insist on the re-evaluation and redefinition of geography as a science and profession, and its foundational knowledge, which has long become the basis for all contemporary science and its overall and individual development.
Keywords: geography, science, philosophy of geography, intellectualism.