Prof. dr. Nusret Drešković
NAUČNOISTRAŽIVAČKI RAZVOJ SAVREMENE GEOGRAFSKE
NAUKE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI SA FOKUSOM NA SARAJEVSKU
GEOGRAFSKU ŠKOLU
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.21
UDC: 911.9:37.046(497.6Sarajevo)
Abstract: Contemporary geographical research in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be traced through two basic development periods. The first period includes geographical research carried out up to the middle of the 20th century, which was based on different interests of great imperialist powers of that time, or from the aspect of general geographical studies carried out through various scientific research expeditions to complete spatial information for maps of the World and the European continent. The second period of contemporary geographical research begins after the end of the Second World War, when Bosnia and Herzegovina achieves its territorial and legal continuity within the joint federation of South Slavs nations. This period in the development of contemporary geographical science in Bosnia and Herzegovina is characterized by two institutional forms of organization of geographical research.
The first of them is the research of the Bosnian Herzegovinian area conducted by Bosnian-Herzegovinian geographers organized within the Geographical Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Another institutional aspect in the development of contemporary geography in Bosnia and Herzegovina is related to the initial establishment of the Faculty of Philosophy and later the Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, where the study of geography was organized for the education of primary and secondary school teachers and experts for the purpose of studying resource and spatial basis of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the period after independence, study programs in geography with different study directions were also created at other newly established public higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key words: contemporary geographical research, development periods, institutional organization, Geographical Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, teacher education, development of an applied geography
Ivana Crljenko
GEOGRAFSKI SADRŽAJI U ČLANCIMA O DRŽAVAMA U
ENCIKLOPEDIČKIM IZDANJIMA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.40
UDC: 911.5/.9:030(497.6+479.22+497.5+417+437.6)
Abstract: Geography is among the most represented fields in general editions of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. It is manifestedthrough geographical contents,i.e. data related to natural and social elements of the area, which can be apprehended in a narrow and broad sense depending on the dominant content and authors. Geographical data are presented in primarily geographical articles in combined articles formed of data of several fields, andin articles belonging tonon-geographicfields. The objective of the research presented in the article is to quantitatively and qualitatively analyse and compare some characteristics of geographical
contents (representation, understanding, structure,presentation) in five articles on comparable
countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Croatia, Ireland, Slovakia) from selected Institute’sand other general encyclopedias.The research confirmed the hypothesis:regarding the
chosencharacteristics of geographical contents, these editions do not differ much. The length of
articlesvariessignificantly, writing style differs only sometimes, other characteristics are mostly
the same. It was noticed that the representation of geographical data in a broad sense is satisfactory, butthe understanding of geographical content in a narrow sense is reduced to the data on natural geographical elements of the area. The structure is given by default, strictly compartmentalized. A conciseencyclopedicwriting style, with manylined-up, often unrelated numerical data, without any explanations of cause-and-effect relationsis mostly used. The comparison of Institute’s and foreign editions pointed to similar encyclopedic practices in making and presenting geographical contents. In foreign editions, writing style is somewhat more general and less statistical.
Key words: encyclopedistics, geographical content, encyclopaedia, atlas
Marija Jukić
Danijel Barišić
PRIRODNO-GEOGRAFSKI TOPONIMI LAŠVANSKO-LEPENIČKOFOJNIČKE DOLINE KAO ODRAZ OKOLIŠNIH PROMJENA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.54
UDC: 911.5/.9[911.2:81ʼ373.21](497.6-191.2)
Abstract: Geographical names are a reflection of spatial reality, but also a result of everyday human communication based on oral as well as written language communication. It is a determinant of their cultural heritage integration of every geographical area. By studying toponyms, it is possible to create an image of the environment (natural and cultivated) in a certain area. The researched part of Central Bosnia, Lašva-Lepenica-Fojnica valley has an area of 1889 km². Geographically it represents a hilly and mountainous area, from 500 - 1500 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains Vlašić, Bukovica, Vilenica and Vranica, separated by the rivers Lašva and Fojnica and their inflows. The aim of this thesis is pointing out the human influence on space through changes in meanings of toponyms (which are indicators of natural and geographical characteristics of LašvaLepenica-Fojnica valley in relation to geographical spatial reality. The naming of toponyms and the reflections of human activity in space result in the current state of the natural environment. Methodologically, the thesis is based on toponyms selection, classification and analysis with TK 1: 50 000 that reflect the morphostructure, hydrographic, climatic, biogeographic (zoonyms and phytonyms) characteristics of the Lašva-Lepenica-Fojnica valley. 2113 toponyms were singled out in the researched area which, according to their meaning, are divided into 3 basic groups: hydronyms, oikonyms and morphonyms. They are then classified into 2 subgroups: natural-geographical and socio-geographical, and cartographically presented on a thematic map. The results have shown the dominance of toponyms from the group of morphons that reflect the smallest changes in the natural environment, when we compare the toponyms' names with the morphology of the area of study.
Key words: Lašva-Fojnica-Lepenica valley, toponyms-hydronyms, morphonyms, ojkonyms, climatic toponyms, zoonyms and phytonyms
Branislav Drašković
Boban Miletić
UTICAJ TEMPERATURNIH RAZLIKA U SLIVU NA HIDROGRAM
RIJEKE ŽELJEZNICE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.65
UDC: 911.2[551.55:556](497.6Željeznica)
Abstract: The Željeznica river basin is located south of Sarajevo and covers an area of about 450 km2. It is atypical in shape, with differences in altitude between individual points of almost 1600 m, from the peaks of the mountains Treskavica and Bjelasnica to Sarajevsko polje. This fact affects the significant differentiation of temperatures in certain zones, so precipitation in the colder part of the year and at higher altitudes mainly comes in the form of snow, causing the nival retention within the basin. The paper will present research on the influence of altitude, aspect and land cover types on temperature differences by seasons in the Željeznica river basin. The relationship between temperatures on the one hand and precipitation and river flows on the other will be addressed. To obtain land surface temperatures (LST), Landsat 8 images in the period 2015-2020 were processed, as a parameter for more precise determination of temperature ranges and climatic types in the basin. The aim is to obtain the degree of "icing" of the basin and the influence that differences in temperatures by altitude zones have on changes in river flows over time, ie. on the hydrogram and river regime. The calculation of areas by elevation zones was done with the help of a digital elevation model. The data related to air temperatures and precipitation were obtained based on interpolation of data from meteorological stations within and near the river basin. The methodology for obtaining land surface temperatures is based on processing of Landsat 8 images including six steps way, primarily using GIS tool Raster Calculator. Statistical analysis determines the variation of temperature differences depending on local geographical conditions.
Key words: Željeznica, river basin, LST, hydrogram, Landsat 8.
Rade Ivanović
Jelena Golijanin
MOGUĆNOST DENDROKLIMATOLOŠKIH ISTRAŽIVANJA U
SARAJEVSKO – ROMANIJSKOJ REGIJI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.76
UDC: 911.2:551.58(497.6-11)
Abstract: This paper presents possibilities and perspectives of climate reconstruction by dendroclimatological methods in the region Sarajevo-Romanija. Dendroclimatology offers us the opportunity to study recent and reconstructed paleoclimatic processes in a given area. The area of the region Sarajevo-Romanija is covered by a significant amount of forest, where the occurrence of old trees is frequent. Spatial analysis of habitat conditions and the presence of old trees suitable for dating will provide us with guidelines and opportunities for future reconstruction of past climate for the studied area. It also analyzes the most appropriate methodology that could be used in the process of dendroclimatological research in the studied area.
Key words: Dendroclimatology, Sarajevo-Romanija region, climate reconstruction
Amil Mehić
UTICAJ SAVREMENIH DRUŠTVENO-GEOGRAFSKIH PROCESA NA
RAZVOJ OBRAZOVANJA – SLUČAJ FEDERACIJE BOSNE I
HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.86
UDC: 911.3:37.016(497.6)
Abstract: The departure of the young population from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the reduction of birth rates, natural and total depopulation of the population, unemployment, low standard of living are its reality. Such and other processes have a negative impact on many segments of society and the economy. Education is no exception. This paper, by introducing the method of agglomerative hierarchical clustering, measures the impact of socio-geographical processes on the development of education in terms of educational parameters, on the example of municipalities as the smallest territorial units in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The procedure was performed on the basis of the analysis of 11 socio-geographical parameters in the period from 2008-2017. years and examining their impact on 11 educational parameters. The application of this method gave very interesting results and confirmed the hypothesis about the very pronounced influence of socio-geographical processes on the development of education in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as the different levels of that effect.
Key words: socio-geographical processes, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, education
Jelena Golijanin
Rade Ivanović
Golub Ćulafić
Gojko Nikolić
UGROŽENOST I ZAŠTITA SPELEOLOŠKIH OBJEKATA OPŠTINE
PALE U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA SPELEOTURIZMA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.96
UDC: 502[551.44:338.48](497.6Pale)
Abstract: In the karst area, covering about 30% of the territory of the Pale municipality, a significant number of speleological objects is registered, where prevail caves and pit caves in the highest percentage. The specificities of the caves in this study area are their dimensions (long cave systems) and a richness of the speleothems. GIS was used for the creation of spatial database of speleological objects and later used for the assessment of its vulnerability and possibilities for ts protection. It was found that caves with highest tourist potential and a large number of visitorsare the most vulnerable and under highest anthropogenic pressure. The main representative of this situation is Orlovača cave. On the other hand, as a form of protection and counterbalance to mass speleotourism, high potential for the development of the adventure speleotourism is identified in numerous cave objects in the municipality, such as: Omladinska cave, Cave at the spring of Mokranjska Miljacka river, Novak's cave, Zečeva ice cave and also Orlovača cave.
Key words: karst, caves, tourist caves, Pale municipality, speleology, GIS, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Alma Pobrić
Aida Avdić
DEPOPULACIJA I STARENJE STANOVNIŠTVA U KANTONU 10 -
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.108
UDC: 911.3:614.1(497.4K10)
Abstract: In this paper, the authors discuss the demographic characteristics of Canton 10 between the Censuses 1991 and 2013. The process of depopulation, especially in rural areas, is becoming more intense due to pronounced unfavorable trends in the dynamics of demographic processes. Canton 10, in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was selected as case study of the problem of depopulation as a region that left even the cities of the Canton in a situation of extremely low population. The Canton 10 is facing demographic aging and steady decline in the enrollment of children in the first grades od primary schools. The causal link between the processes of general depopulation is explained, and the results indicate their far-reaching adverse effects on the future development of the cantonal population.
Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canton 10, depopulation, low population density, demographic aging
Filip Vujević
MORFOMETRIJSKA ANALIZA DRENAŽNOG BASENA RIJEKE
GRAČANICE PRIMJENOM EU-DEM PODATAKA I GIS TEHNIKA:
(JADRANSKI MORSKI BASEN, CRNA GORA)
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.121
UDC: 911.2:616-089.48]:004(497.16-13)
Abstract: In this paper, EU-DEM data were used for morphometric analysis of the drainage basin of the river Gračanica. Standard mathematical formulas and tools for Hydrology in the ArcGIS 10.5 were used to estimate parameters such as areal, linear and relief aspects. The results show morphometric parameters for the drainage basin of the river Gračanica. The paper highlights he advantages and disadvantages of applying this method and data. It also suggests in future research the validation of results and using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of higher quality and resolution. Similar methods and the development of reliable DEM data can play an important role in planning and conducting hydrological activities.
Key words: morphometric analysis, drainage basin, water management, DEM, GIS
Duško Vujačić
Goran Barović
Đurđica Perović
GEOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE POLIMLJA, REGION CRNA GORA I
SRBIJA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.131
UDC: 911.2:55(497.16+497.11Polimlje)
Abstract: Tectonics and geologic material were processed based on maps and interpreters for the Basic Geological Map 1: 100 000: "Gusinje" (Mirković et al, 1968), "Ivangrad", "Bijelo Polje" (Živaljević et al., 1981, 1983), "Prijepolje" (Ćirić et al., 1978), "Pljevlja" and "Višegrad", as well as a review of the literature related to this issue. The investigated area belongs to the Durmitor Unit of the Dinarides (Karamata et al., 1997), and only the northernmost part, the lowest corners of the studied area around the Potpeć reservoir; belong to the Ofiol131131ytic Zone (Karamata et al., 1997). The Durmitor unit covers the north of Montenegro and the far southwest of Serbia and generally extends into the middle of the Dinarides. A series of branch forms for cores of Paleozoic rocks extend from the Paleozoic Lima formations to the mid-Bosnian shale mountains (Marovic, 2001). The southwestern border of the Durmitor Zone is known as the "Durmitor Cover". This structure, with its numerous tectonic windows, half-windows, and tectonic pistons, shows that it was at least decakilometrically transported to the southwest via the upper Cretaceous flysch zone of the Vis Krš, located within the Dalmatian-Herzegovina unit (Karamata et al., 1997). On the northeastern side, it is underlain by the Ophiolite Belt (Karamata et al., 1997), which is marked by the entire length of this contact between the diabase-corneal formation and the shale shales (the Ophiolite Belt) and the Triassic, Lias and Dodger limestones of the Durmitor Unit (Marovic, 2001).
Key words: paleozoic, tectonic, zone, Polimlje, Lim River, Montenegro, Serbia
Ivana Žafran
Vuk Tvrtko Opačić
VISUAL PRESENTATION OF THE TOURISM ATTRACTION BASIS
OF LIKA REGION IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.146
UDC: 911.3:338.48(497.9Lika)
Abstract: Visual presentation of tourism attractions in the means of communication creates a visitors’ image of an area before they decide to visit it. Tourist boards and other relevant stakeholders thus have the opportunity to determine more in detail how and in what form to present a tourism destination or individual tourism site, or to which clusters of attractions in the destination direct the attention of visitors. The most famous and most visited tourism site in the Lika region is the Plitvice Lakes National Park. Images of Plitvice Lakes are often used for the purpose of presenting the tourism supply on the regional, but also national level, while all other sites in Lika record noticeably lower tourist flow. The research is therefore based on the hypothesis that the clusters of natural tourism attractions that exist in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, such as geological and geomorphological characteristics of space, water, flora and landscape representations, play a leading role in tourism promotion of the entire Lika region. The individual attractions of Lika are classified into clusters in order to investigate their representation in tourism communication means. For this purpose, photographs in tourism brochures and on websites are analysed, as well as scenes in official promotional films of localtourist boards. A separate scoring system has been developed for each mean of communication, and the research results confirm that clusters of attractions related to natural heritage predominate in Lika's tourism promotion, but there are certain deviations at the local level depending on the chosen mean of visual communication. Comparing the number andrepresentation of clusters of attractions on the local tourist boards’ websites with tourist flow, it is found that cities and municipalities with more pronounced promotion of tourism sites and attractions on the websites achieve higher tourist flow and can be recognised as leaders of tourism development in the Lika region.
Key words: : tourism attraction, visual presentation, tourism, Plitvice Lakes National Park, Lika region, Croatia
Mislav Stjepan Čagalj
UTJECAJ JADRANSKE MAGISTRALE NA RAZVOJ TURIZMA NA
JADRANU
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.166
UDC: 338.47:338.48(497.5)(283.3)
Abstract: Adriatic Highway, completed in the 1960s, finally connected settlements on the eastern shore of Adriatic Sea with a modern road. Prior to construction only small sections of the road existed, therefore maritime transportation prevalent. With the construction of Adriatic Highway thousands of kilometers of previously inaccessible Adriatic coast became accessible to tourists from the rest of Yugoslavia and Europe. Construction of the Adriatic Highway was turning point in development of tourism on Adriatic coast. The fact that Yugoslavia managed to record strong increase in tourist arrivals in post construction period (without significant investment in tourist infrastructure) proves that assertion. Owing to development of tourism many coastal and island settlements flourished. However, many shortcomings of the highway soon became apparent, most notable being highways inability to absorb larger tourist flows. The biggest shortcoming was its small capacity which led to traffic jams near larger settlements, especially during summer. Adriatic Highway, the road that enabled initial development of tourism, suddenly became an obstacle for its further growth. Traffic congestion eased off in the 21st century with the opening of the Zagreb-Ploče motorway which absorbed tourist flows. At the same time, freight traffic also moved to the Zagreb-Ploče motorway. These developments provide a possibility of tourist valorization of Adriatic Highway, a scenic road that passes through beautiful landscape. The aim of the paper is to explore influence of Adriatic Highway on development of tourism on the Adriatic coast, from the opening of the highway to this day. The research focuses on territory of Croatia since the largest part of Adriatic Highway passes through the country. In the paper author studies political factors that led to the building of Adriatic Highway. Subsequently, influence of Adriatic Highway on development of tourism in Adriatic is studied through analysis of relevant data like traffic numbers on Adriatic Highway and tourist arrivals in vicinity off the Adriatic Highway. Finally, possibility of tourist valorization of the road is considered.
Key words: : Adriatic Highway, tourism, Adriatic sea, Transport geography, Historical geography
Dajana Vukojević
Tijana Banjanin
Radomir Bodiroga
ANALIZA STANJA VINSKOG TURIZMA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.179
UDC: 338.48-6:641/642(497.6)
Abstract: Modern tourists are increasingly looking for a complex tourist product that will not only offer them something new, different, exotic and arouse his curiosity, but will also affect all their senses and perceptions. It is this tourist demand that opens a market niche for the development of wine tourism. The purpose of this research is to study and determine the state of wine tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research shows that, in combination with other types of tourism, wine tourism can greatly contribute to increasing the interest of tourists - both domestic and foreign - for tourism in rural areas and, consequently, the revitalization of these areas. In order to study the situation and opportunities for the development of wine tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a survey was conducted in July and August 2019 and in August and September 2020. A survey was conducted with tourists and wineries that exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the research indicate significant development opportunities for wine tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it can be assumed that the wine areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina have the necessary conditions for the development of wine tourism. Tourists' interest in wine tourism, especially in combination with gastronomic tourism, is growing. Based on the analysis, recommendations are given for further development of wine tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results presented in this paper are the results of research conducted within the project "State and prospects of wine tourism in Republika Srpska" co-financed by the Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development, Higher Education and Information Society, Government of Republic of Srpska.
Key words: : Tourism, Wine tourism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gastronomic tourism
Željko Bjeljac
Nevena Ćurčić
Jovana Brankov
STARI NARODNI SPORTOVI I IGRE KAO NOVI TURISTIČKI
PROIZVOD BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.189
UDC: 338.48:39(497.6)
Abstract: Old folk sports and games are deeply rooted in the cultural identity of the people in which they originated, as part of folk tradition and culture, and have changed very little throughout the history. They are mainly related to rural areas, and UNESCO has recognized them as protected elements of intangible cultural heritage in the 21st century. The geographical area of settlement, similar historical, cultural and linguistic heritage, as well as multiculturalism and multiethnicity in the former Yugoslavia, influenced the old folk sports to be characterized by the same / similar rules, regardless of whether they were organized by different peoples and thus linked to their cultural tradition. The subject of the research is 11 events that are organized today on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with the aim of promoting old folk sports and games. The aim of the paper is to determine the place and time of organizing the mentioned sports, their representation and character, as well as the presence of accompanying cultural and entertainment content, as elements that represent a new tourist destination and tourist product of BiH. The paper applies the methodology of categorization and classification of event tourism.
Key words: old folk sports and games, tourist product, BiH.
Dragan Glavaš
UTJECAJ PANDEMIJE COVID-19 NA UPRAVLJANJE
TURISTIČKOM DESTINACIJOM, PRILIKA ZA NOVI POČETAK
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.200
UDC: 338.487:616-036.21(497.6)
Abstract: Tourism is a sensitive branch of economy which depends on a number of natural and social attractions that can negatively affect tourism trends. Negative factors, whether caused by natural or human means, will directly affect the reduction or complete cessation of travel, spatial isolation or even partial or complete devastation of the natural and cultural tourist base, which will cause a permanent and often slow recovery. Knowing beforehand about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism, primarily in scientific circles, will enable the mitigation of negative measures that will permanently mark tourism as we know it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism management as well as the possibility to reconsider the management of a tourist destination in post-pandemic times. The paper analyzes the tourist destination management in Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily the tourist supply, the target market and tourism policies in crisis situations that are in force. It tries to identify the consequences that the COVID-19 pandemic has left on the receptive tourism market in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the example of several prominent tourist destinations. It is already clear that destinations will have to make additional efforts to create a tourist supply in line with new social norms, which in turn represents a development opportunity for those destinations that adapt to the post-pandemic period in a timely manner.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, tourism, tourism destination management
Sabahudin Smajić
Merima Kovačević
Alma Kadušić
Nedima Smajić
RECENTNI GEOEKOLOŠKI PROBLEMI U SLIVU JALE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.213
UDC: 911.2:502(497.6Jala)
Abstract: The paper identifies and analyzes recent geo-ecological problems in the Jala River basin. The basin is located in northeastern Bosnia within the Inner Dinarides and hydrographically belongs to the Spreča River basin. The research is based on the review and analysis of previous research, but also on the collection of data by field prospects, analysis of maps, satellite images and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the basin, with the application of GIS technology. The results of the research show that the Jala River basin is characterized by geo-ecological problems, such as: air pollution, torrents, floods, low water level and flow in summer, soil and vegetation devastation, etc. In this regard, the level of natural predisposition of the basin to geo-ecological problems and the level of anthropogenic modifications were identified. The level of pollution of basic geocomponents in the Jala River basin has been identified. The causes and consequences of pollution have been defined as well as a set of measures that has been proposed whose aplication would alleviate problems, but also prevent possible catastrophic consequences in the basin.
Key words: Geo-ecological problems, physical-geographical characteristics, anthropogenic factors, GIS, DEM, the Jala River basin.
Živanović Zora
Trkulja Siniša
SPROVOĐENJE, PRAĆENJE I OCENJIVANJE - IZAZOVI U
PROCESU PROSTORNOG PLANIRANJA U SRBIJI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.246
UDC: 911.37:711.061(497.11)
Abstract: Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of strategic type spatial plans are among the weakest steps in the process of spatial planning in Serbia. Monitoring and evaluation of realisation of spatial plans enables certain control of planning proposals justification. This is the way to reach coninous planning as a precondition for succesful territorial planning. The decade of 2010-2020 the efforts have been made in Serbia towards better implementation of strategic type spatial plans at national and regional levels, through the Programs of Implementation and Reports on realisation of spatial plans and spatial development. In that context the aim of the paper was chosen in order to indicate the importance of implementation, monitoring and evaluation of spatial plans and to give a critical overview of current state in this segement of spatail planning in Serbia. Appropraite formulation of objectives, planning proposals, activities and indicators in plans and implementation documents should contribute to the achievment of continous planning and the postplanning phase should be lost as a such and become an integral part of the constant planning process.
Key words: implementation, monitoring, evaluation, spatial planning
Ozana Šaškor
Slaven Gašparović
SOCIJALNI ASPEKT UTJECAJA POMORSKOG PROMETA –
PRIMJER GRADA SUPETRA NA BRAČU
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.261
UDC: 911.37:656.6(497.5Supetar)
Abstract: Good transport connectivity is extremely important for everyday life of the island population. Especially in Croatia, this population is largely dependent on the mainland, mainly due to the distribution and availability of certain services that are not available on the islands. Maritime transport connectivity by ferries therefore plays a crucial role for the Croatian island population. The aim of this paper is to investigate the social aspect of the impact of maritime transport on the life of the island population. As a case study, the impact of maritime transport on the lives of the inhabitants of the city of Supetar on the island Brač was investigated by the ferry connection of Supetar with the second largest town in Croatia, Split. The methodological approach in this paper is in line with recent trends in transport geography, so the research is based on the use of a qualitative survey method. Based on a semi-structured interview with different age groups, the impact of the ferry connectivity on the life of the island population was investigated using three segments of maritime transport: frequency (connectivity), comfort and speed and price. The research has shown that the problems of connectivity and timetable vary according to age group and their daily activities. Respondents expressed satisfaction with the comfort of the ferry, but not with its speed. Respondents also felt that transport costs were too high because the ferry had to be used due to dependence on the mainland. All these components of the ferry connectivity have a direct impact on the lives of the island population and their attitude towards the service. The applicability of this paper can be found in transport and spatial planning and in improving the quality of life of the population.
Key words: social aspect, impact of transport, maritime transport, Supetar on the island of Brač
Hrvoje Šlezak
PERCEPCIJA ROMSKOG ETNIČKOG PROSTORA I SOCIJALNA
ISKLJUČENOST
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.276
UDC: 911.37:711.061]:397(497.5Međimurje)
Abstract: Space as a geographical object of research is an integral part of the social exclusion of Roma. On the example of Međimurje, the northernmost county of the Republic of Croatia in which the Roma are the largest national minority, the goal was to explore the perception of the area inhabited by Roma. The survey of the attitudes of members of the majority population about the Roma area and its perception was conducted with the help of a questionnaire on a stratified sample of 245 respondents. The sample was selected to investigate possible spatial differences in the perception of "Roma space" between members of the majority population living near Roma, ie in the same administrative settlement where a Roma settlement exists. The other half of members of the majority population was selected who live further away from Roma where in their administrative settlements Roma settlement does not exists and which are at least 5 km away from the nearest Roma settlement. Physiognomic specifics of Roma settlements, ie the Roma landscape imprint in the space occupied by the Roma, develop a feeling of insecurity, repulsion and fear in the majority of the population. Fear of space and aversion to space is also projected in relation to the social group that occupies that space. The Roma ethnic landscape of spatially segregated and functionally marginalized Roma settlements is becoming one of the causes of social exclusion of Roma and their further marginalization.
Key words: Roma people, Bajash, space, ethnicity, landscape, Međimurje, social exclusion
Edin Hadžimustafić
Dževad Mešanović
Alija Suljić
PROMJENE U OBRAZOVNOJ STRUKTURI STANOVNIŠTVA REGIJE
SJEVEROISTOČNA BOSNA U PERIODU 1961-2013. GODINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.291
UDC: 37.035[911.3:314](497.6-18)"1961/2013"
Abstract: In this paper has been analyzed changes in the educational structure of the population of Northeast Bosnia region in the period from 1961-2013. The sources of data were Censuses in the period 1961-2013, Statistical bulletins and data of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the educational structure of the population of Northeast Bosnia region and its comparison with the educational structure of other geographical mesoregions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the paper has been analyzed the data of the educational structure using Geographic Information System. The data werecartographically visualized, and thematic maps were made that provide a detailed insight into changes in the educational structure.
Keywords: Northeast Bosnia region, educational structure of the population, literacy, educational level, Geographic information system
Zlatko Gašić
Denis Radoš
GEOGRAFSKA ANALIZA TALIJANSKIH BUNKERA NA PODRUČJU
ZADRA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.310
UDC: 911.37:725.181(497.5Zadar)"1920"
Abstract: By the end of the First World War, with the Rapallo Treaty in the 1920s Italy get Zadar under their control, which thus became an Italian enclave on the eastern Adriatic coast. Shortly after the war and annexation, the Italians saw the military-geographical flaw of the new enclave. This was because the hinterland consisted of a flat terrain, called Ravni kotari, which makes it ideal for enemy attacks. Fearing inland attacks, over 200 bunkers were built in two sectors; the landand the sea, while the land sector was divided into five sub-sectors (A, B, C, D and E). Ninedifferent types of bunkers were identified in the Zadar area by analysis, from the simplest circular positions from stone and concrete to large and then most modern reinforced concrete bunkers. The position and type of the bunkers were determined by fieldwork, while ownership is determined according to the data of the State Geodetic Administration and the Physical Planning Information System of the Republic of Croatia. Based on the information obtained, a map was created in ArcMap with all known bunker locations, and the range of artillery and visibility were analyzed. The result of the analysis is a map showing continuous artillery coverage and visibility map, so it can be concluded that the bunkers were built knowingly to cover as much space as possible.
Key words: bunker, map, military geography, sector, Zadar
Milan Lalić
ANALIZA STANJA I PERSPEKTIVA RAZVOJA OPŠTINA UZ VELIKI
BAČKI KANAL
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.323
UDC: 911.37-2:711.061(497.113)
Abstract: The subject of this paper is the analysis of the situation and the perspective for development of municipalities in the central part of Bačka through which the Great Bačka Canal (GBC) flows. At the end of the 17th century, around 40% of this area was under wetlands. With the digging of GBC at the end of the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century, the areas of fertile land have been significantly increased and living conditions have improved, which lead to mass immigration of members of many ethnic groups who were predominantly engaged in agricultural activities. During the 20th century, this region became extremely industrialized. This resulted in the expansion of settlements and an increase in population. Municipalities from this region were among the most developed, not only in the province but also in the entire Yugoslavia. Due to sudden industrial development, inadequate treatment of industrial water and intensification of agricultural production, the canal became polluted in the second half of the 20th century. The share of economically active population engaged in agriculture suffered a strong decline, the industry did not adapt to the transition processes, and therefore the municipalities of this region are lagging behind in development. According to the Decree on the Level of Development of Municipalities from 2014, only the municipality of Vrbas was classified above the national average, while the other municipalities in the region were below the national average. The region has been a depopulation area for more than three decades. The decades-long problem of pollution has resulted in the watercourse being one of the most polluted in Europe. At the end of the last and the beginning of this century, revitalization of GBC was initiated and a part of that project was carried out. The paper provides an analysis of planning documents of municipalities and how they plan to overcome the unfavourable outcome.
Key words: Great Bačka Canal, municipalities, Vojvodina, development
Enisa Kulašin
GEOGRAFSKI PREDMETNI KURIKULUM KROZ REFORMU
OBRAZOVANJA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.337
UDC: 911:371.4(497.6)
Abstract: The analyzed modern geographical curricula of the developed countries of the World emphasize the importance of the subject of Geography in the general education of students, building their worldview, attitudes, skills and values that are necessary for them in the 21st century. They are structured through great ideas and concepts that enable students to acquire functional knowledge. The reform processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina have so far not provided Geography with the role and importance it has in the developed countries of the world as well as in the region. The subject of this paper is to give recommendations for the development of a modern curriculum for the subject Geography in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is based on a modern definition of the subject and complex educational tasks. The aim of this paper is to determine the importance of developing a modern curriculum of Geography through the reform processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should provide geography with a central place in the subject curricula as a bridge science that connects the natural and social humanities sciences and which, through geographical concepts, develops conceptual understanding and higher levels of cognition. A holistic view of geography provides an opportunity to understand the World in its complexity, variability, and vulnerability. The paper analyzes the definitions and educational tasks of subjects in modern curricula of developed countries in order to determine the new role of Geography. Based on the analysis of world curricula, it can be concluded that Geography in students should develop spatial thinking, critical observation and understanding of geographical space. The purpose of learning and studying geography is to form an independent, responsible individual who should play an active role in the social community in planning a functional and optimal spatial organization and whose management is based on the concept of sustainability. Geographical thinking, conceptual understanding, organizing, connecting, explaining, analyzing and examining geographical content should provide knowledge and skills for active and responsible planning and management of spatial organizations.
Keywords: curriculum, geographical concepts, subject definition, functional knowledge, spatial
thinking, active and responsible space management
Ljubica Ivanović Bibić
Anđelija Ivkov Džigurski
Smiljana Đukičin Vučković
Jelena Milanković Jovanov
REALIZACIJA GEOGRAFSKIH SADRŽAJA U OBJEKTIMA U PRIRODI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2020.5.350
UDC: 911:371.233]:502(497.11)
Abstract: Geography classes in primary schools in the Republic of Serbia are most often realized within the schoolbuilding, ie in the geography classroom. Students need to be introduced to geographical contents to adapt them in the easiest possible way, for that knowledge to be permanent and to find its application in real-life situations. The natural environment provides countless opportunities for the adoption of a large number of geographical concepts, processes and relationships, which is why teaching sometimes should be moved from the usual conditions in the school environment. Natural conditions provide the best opportunities for understanding and comprehending natural phenomena. Work outside the school building is especially interesting for students, because they are in direct contact with objects and phenomena in nature, so the motivation, curiosity and desire to acquire newknowledge can be much higher. The paper defines the objects in which the teaching of geography is realizing in primary schools, with special reference to the teaching topics in the fifth grade. The research aimed to determine how much geography teachers are familiar with teaching outside the classroom, how often they implement it, whether there are possible obstacles during the implementation and which geographical contents are the most suitable for the realization of classes in nature. The results showed that this type of teaching is not sufficiently implemented in schools in the Republic of Serbia, as well as that there are numerous limiting factors for this situation. After the obtained results of this pilot research, it was continued in higher grades, in order to obtain a more complex picture of the teaching of geography in the natural environment, ie objects in nature.
Key words: Geography, Geography classroom, Teaching in nature, Republic of Serbia, Elementary school.
Aida Korjenić
Amra Banda
Amina Sivac
Ahmed Džaferagić
MALE HIDROELEKTRANE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI I NJIHOV UTICAJ NA OKOLIŠ
UDC: 504[911.2:626](497.6)
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2021.5.228
Abstract: Every human intervention in space causes consequences in the environment and the original nature. Recently, many discussions have been held on the impact of hydropower plants, especially small hydropower plants on the environment. The construction of hydropower plants usually emphasizes only positive environmental impacts, such as energy production, flood protection, water supply, etc., and neglects negative impacts, primarily changes in water regime, impact on groundwater and habitat change. The impacts of hydropower plants on the environment can be indirect and direct. Indirect ones appear during the construction of hydropower facilities as well as access infrastructure, while the direct impact of hydropower facilities occurs during their operation.So far, 109 small hydropower plants have been built in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and about 340 of them are in various phases of planning, preparation, and construction. Small hydropower plants, as many as were in operation in 2019, produced 497, 99 GWh, which is only 3,1% of the total electricity produced in BiH. The main goal of this paper is to analyze impacts of small hydropower plants on the environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the justification of construction of small hydropower plants in relation to the total amount of energy obtained in this way, as well as the analysis of the need to protect water as a natural resource that is exploited, but also the space that remains permanently occupied with no possibility of returning to the original purpose.
Keywords: small hydropower plants, Bosnia and Herzegovina, environment protection.