Snježana Musa

REFERENTNA GEOGRAFSKA ISKUSTVA U KLASIFIKACIJI, TIPIZACIJI I IZDVAJANJU KRAJOLIKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

 

DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.27

UDC: 911.2:551.4(497.6)

Abstract: Landscapes represent one of the largest spatial and identity values of each community. They are the result of centuries of the interaction between man and nature and they are, as such as they are, the reflection of culture and time of formation. By signing of the European Convention of landscapes/ scenery, signatory countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, have obligation to recognize and legally protect their landscapes, to establish and implement a policy for landscapes, with the ultimate goal of their protection, management and planning. In this agreement, there is a paragraph that, signatory countries need to implement an adequate study for landscape through the educational system. Among the branches of science that are required to develop knowledge about the landscape is geography. Geographers had, historically speaking, began the researches of landscapes in the 19th century, and it is understandable that their modern study is still based on structured geographical space inventories. Researches in the typology of the landscape werestimulated by new challenges in the European praxis of its planning. European public is becoming more aware that the landscape is important piece of cultural heritage. Thus, its planning is becoming increasingly important. Classification and typology of the landscape has not experienced a single methodology adoption. Today it is linked to the subjective attitude of researchers. Studies are organized on the principle of separation of specific points or places, for which is modeling the data base in GIS. By collecting the sufficient amount of information can be approach to the differentiation and typing of landscape. Cross-tabulation with many landscape data makes the numerical basis for creating the models of the geographical distribution of landscape types. The subject of this paper is, therefore the landscape, natural, but also that one, changed by men's actions, because, in fact, the real natural landscapes don’t exist on planet Earth anymore. Cultural landscapes - as the most complex spatial structures, shaped by natural and anthropogenic components, represent the physiognomy of our environment and create a mental image of the area of belonging and homeland. The aim of this paper is to point out the role of geography in the research of landscapes, in light of cultural, historical and spatial heritage, to identify values through analysis of its components, and introduce some principles of separation and protection in the context of transformation and development, based on modern European and world views and concepts. Methods and materials of researches are focused on determining the spatial, functional and physiognomic transformation of components of the  landscape. By identifying and defining the process of immanent system of landscape, it is shaping the system for protection of landscapes, which should become a component of the legislation.

Key words: landscape, geographical background, transdisciplinaran access, classification, types, spatial, physiognomic and functional transition of the landscape.

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