Snježana Musa
REFERENTNA GEOGRAFSKA ISKUSTVA U KLASIFIKACIJI, TIPIZACIJI I IZDVAJANJU KRAJOLIKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.27
UDC: 911.2:551.4(497.6)
Abstract: Landscapes represent one of the largest spatial and identity values of each community. They are the result of centuries of the interaction between man and nature and they are, as such as they are, the reflection of culture and time of formation. By signing of the European Convention of landscapes/ scenery, signatory countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, have obligation to recognize and legally protect their landscapes, to establish and implement a policy for landscapes, with the ultimate goal of their protection, management and planning. In this agreement, there is a paragraph that, signatory countries need to implement an adequate study for landscape through the educational system. Among the branches of science that are required to develop knowledge about the landscape is geography. Geographers had, historically speaking, began the researches of landscapes in the 19th century, and it is understandable that their modern study is still based on structured geographical space inventories. Researches in the typology of the landscape werestimulated by new challenges in the European praxis of its planning. European public is becoming more aware that the landscape is important piece of cultural heritage. Thus, its planning is becoming increasingly important. Classification and typology of the landscape has not experienced a single methodology adoption. Today it is linked to the subjective attitude of researchers. Studies are organized on the principle of separation of specific points or places, for which is modeling the data base in GIS. By collecting the sufficient amount of information can be approach to the differentiation and typing of landscape. Cross-tabulation with many landscape data makes the numerical basis for creating the models of the geographical distribution of landscape types. The subject of this paper is, therefore the landscape, natural, but also that one, changed by men's actions, because, in fact, the real natural landscapes don’t exist on planet Earth anymore. Cultural landscapes - as the most complex spatial structures, shaped by natural and anthropogenic components, represent the physiognomy of our environment and create a mental image of the area of belonging and homeland. The aim of this paper is to point out the role of geography in the research of landscapes, in light of cultural, historical and spatial heritage, to identify values through analysis of its components, and introduce some principles of separation and protection in the context of transformation and development, based on modern European and world views and concepts. Methods and materials of researches are focused on determining the spatial, functional and physiognomic transformation of components of the landscape. By identifying and defining the process of immanent system of landscape, it is shaping the system for protection of landscapes, which should become a component of the legislation.
Key words: landscape, geographical background, transdisciplinaran access, classification, types, spatial, physiognomic and functional transition of the landscape.
Lučka Lorber
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.59
UDC: 911.3[338.45:711.061](4-12)
Abstract: The present brownfield revitalisation methodology, a joint work of the ReTInA project partners, aims at contributing to common knowledge developed in favour of the actors involved in revitalisation of abandoned traditional industrial sites. Brownfield revitalisation falls among the most dynamic urban planning processes, and - from this aspect - it can be supported only by open and flexible urban planning, which could be continuously updated due to quickly changing conditions. The transition from mass–production to post–industrial society has rearranged the traditional urban hierarchy based on manufacturing industry. For more than a quarter of a century, most cities in Europe have been losing manufacturing functions, substituting them with service specialisation. Industrial plants and employees' neighbourhoods have been abandoned or downgraded, frequently challenging the survival of related urban infrastructures. Collapse of traditional industries has resulted in a more fragmented urban arena, in which collective and private interests are pulverized, individuals’ concerns frequently do not match long–term urban perspectives, investments and budget constrains reduce local autonomy, and the recent economic crisis generated even more serious concern about the resilience of urban models. From the strategic aspect, in view of developing sustainable cities, brownfields represent the urban areas with the highest development potentials. This sites present particular challenges to local, national and regional policymakers, including the remediation of hazards to human beings, groundwater and ecosystems. But there is also need to facilitate the reintegration of rehabilitated sites into the property market and to ensure that they can be brought back into new economic uses. In its complexity, the planning exercise with diverse elements interacting and numerous, frequently conflicting interests that have to be considered, and risks to be properly managed, cannot be seen as a linear task. Namely, it is necessary to implement multiple tasks simultaneously, and to consider reiteration of the steps already accomplished where specific outcomes do not appear as originally planned and an analysis of the reasons shows the need for re-consideration and adjustment of actions/decisions adopted earlier. The research work methodology applies the endogenous approach (“bottom up”) on a basis of newly defined land use category of brownfields by the local community. Geography science enjoys an advantage of complexity of understanding spatial issues. This enables geographers to coordinate and harmonize interests between the owners, stakeholders, legislation and human resources. In addition to geographical areas (economic, traffic, demographic, environmental and regional geography) directly involved in the project applicative research, this also includes collaboration of architects, lawyers and economists.
Keywords: brownfield, industrial city areas, revitalisation, urban planning, SEE Europe, ReTinA
Dejan Đorđević
Tijana Dabović
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.74
UDC: 911.3:711.061
Abstract: Prospective is primarily a philosophy, an attitude, a way of life, even. By rejecting the idea that the future is predetermined (by God or somebody else), it invites us to look upon it as a land to be explored – the reason for watching and anticipating – and as a land to be built upon – the reason for policy and strategy. Spatial planning is occupation of many people (in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well), even more when we take account of all who like or must deal with future. Many of those predict, some are forecasting, but all have some kind of a picture of desirable future, within the spatial frame. But only few think about means and tools necessary to accomplish the dream, with just a handful of those which are capable to think about the implementation measures in a scientific way. There is just a couple of people able to act in this way – almost all students immediately after the exam forget the difference between terms – the plan, planning, forecast, projection, foresight. In front of the planners of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other countries of the region lays a huge task – the elaboration of numerous planning documents. Most probably, the choice of the horizon, identification of key variables, drawing hypothesis, and even the even picture will not be the problem. But the creation of the adequate scenarios, step by step, is a totally different story. This paper isan invitation to everyone to shape the future they want rather than suffer the future they ignore. It starts to present the basic concepts and the philosophy underpinning them. It goes on to explain the main steps in the procedure and the methods that can be used for them. Therefore, it is not the place to dwell upon all the methods used in prospective/foresight and so-called qualitative methods, from brainstorming to the scenario method, including methods borrowed from the social sciences, Delphi surveys, etc. It is rather a reflection of our strong believe that after the initial paths of strategy making – defining the problem, choosing the horizon, identifying key variables, gathering data and drafting hypotheses – the scenario method is most suitable to outline strategic choices. It should be stressed that generating the final image –examples are to be presented - of the future welfare state is no more important than the paths leading to it, bearing in mind the current reality.
Keywords: Foresight, Spatial Planning, Methodology, Spatial Development, Strategy, Scenario.
Dane Pejnović
Aleksandar Lukić
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.98
UDC: 911.3[371.3:711.061-057](497.5)
Abstract: The long tradition and good practice of the regional and spatial planning have been subject to fundamental change during the transition period. A dominant feature of the new spatial planning paradigm is boosting of the particularistic and sectoral approach in planning, at the expense of the previously present inherent interdisciplinarity and collaboravite relationships between different professions. Accordingly, the new paradigm is also reflected in the weakening of the role of geography in regional and spatial planning. Such changes have resulted in a series of negative effects which are manifested in many spatial conflicts. Critical analysis suggests that the fundamental cause, underlying recognized trends in the loss of interdisciplinarity, is the inadequate legal framework. Therefore, this paper argues the importance of role of geography in the system of regional and spatial planning, especially its contribution to the education of planners. It further discusses its importance in the legislative basis of spatial planning in Croatia, the arguments for a greater role of the profession in spatial planning, and planners education in the European Union.
Keywords: spatial planning, regional planning, geography, education, Croatia
Ružica Vuk
Zoran Curić
METODOLOŠKA PITANJA U ISTRAŽIVANJIMA NASTAVNIČKIH KOMPETENCIJA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.117
UDC: 371.3[001.8:911-057](497.5)
Abstract: The paper presents results of research on competences accomplished during university study in several aspects of teaching work, according to the masters of education of geography opinion. The research included 30 apprentice teachers and volunteers educated according to Bologna programmes, as well as 230 teachers educated according to pre-Bologna programmes. One fourth of all persons questioned find the level of acquired knowledge and skills during geography (university) study insufficient for successful teaching work, less of one third of all persons questioned find it sufficient, one third is very satisfied, and only 15 percent find it to be excellent. The average assessment of the level of acquired competences is 3.3. Not one of teaching work areas the persons questioned did not evaluate with „insufficient“ or „excellent“; that shows that the curriculum structure is satisfactory for the education of the masters of Bologna programmes has been realized. On the other hand, the relation between the domains in this structure demands interventions with the goal of strengthening outgoing competences of teaching programmes students at the Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Univeristy of Zagreb. The questioned persons evaluate that their competences to be a form-master (the average level of evaluation is 2.3) and to work with pupils with special needs (the average level of evaluation 3.0) – especially to work with ones that have emotional and behavioural handicap, are the lowest. The highest level of evaluation (4.2) was given to the development of professional competences and competences for realization of educative goals and values in teaching process (4.0). According to the average level of evaluation, the development of competences for planning and preparing teaching work (3.7) and the development of key competence to learn how to study (3.6) can be seen as satisfactory ones.The conducted research gives important guidelines for outlining the methodology of transverse and longitude researches of curriculum components, especially of the initial education curriculum, as well as certain action researches in education. In future researches the assessments of accomplished competences have been verified, with the type of school in which the competences have been verified, with the average university study grade and with the grade of certain subjects (in geography, related sciences, teaching methodology and to teaching methodology substratum sciences).
Keywords: teachers competences, education research methodology, geography teaching, teachers education curriculum
Dnyaneshwar Suryawanshi
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.142
UDC: 911.3:338.43(547.1MAH)
Abstract: Horticulture plays a vital role & important sector of in the Indian Agriculture. It has gained commercial tone in the recent years in the country. India is now second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after china. There is an overall increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables for consumption in both fresh and processed form at national as well as local level. The main aim of the present paper is to investigate the spatial and temporal analysis of horticultural development in the Nashik District of Maharashtra during the year from1960-61 to 2008-09. Nashik is one of the major agriculturally and industrially developed districts in the North Maharashtra. The secondary data is used for the present study. Fruits and vegetables crops are extensively grown in Nashik district. The study has observed in shifting cropping patterns in favour of horticulture of the Nashik district during the study periods. In 1960-61 only 1.53 percent area was under fruits and vegetables, which has increased upto 17.08 percent in 2008-09 in the study region. It means that, during the span of forty eight years 15.55 percent area under fruits and vegetables is increased in the study region. But horticultural development is not uniform in the study region. Grapes, pomegranate, onion and tomato are the major horticultural crops in the study area. The Illwis software is used for maps & indicating the spatial pattern of fruits and vegetables of the study region.
Keywords: Indian Agriculture, horticultural development, the Nashik District of Maharashtra, cropping patterns, fruits and vegetables
Alma Pobrić
Edin Hrelja
SAVREMENI TRENDOVI STANOVNIŠTVA SVIJETA I PRILIKE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.153
UDC: 911.3:314(100:497.6)
Abstract: Population as a demographics resource is an important part of the overall development of the bond between the environment and the social superstructure. At the end of the 20th century and at turn of the 21st century population ageing has become dominant demographic process of many European countries as well as of Bosnia and Herzrgovina. Population aging is a phenomenon faced by all European countries and the developed countries of the world, as a necessary consequence of the first and second demographic transition. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the country in economic transition wich is facing rapidity of ageing and its demographic situation is mostly similar to westren style developed countries. One of the main drivers of population ageing is transition from high fertility to the low fertility which country recently expirience. Bosnia and Herzegovina became society which is characterised by a decline in the proportion of younger people and increase of oldery as the result of decline in total ferility rate and increase in mortality rates; this ageing is knowen as `ageing at the bottom of the age pyramid`. Recent demographic trends not only reflect contemporary socio-economic adjustments, but also past demographic chracteristics, war and political events.
Keywords: Demographic trends, Population ageing, Bosnia-Herzegovina, transitional country, fertility transition, natality decline, mortalty increase, increase of older population.
Biljana Ostojić-Đokić
Anđelija Ivkov Džigurski
UPOTREBA SAVREMENIH I TRADICIONALNIH NASTAVNIH SREDSTAVA U NASTAVI GEOGRAFIJE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.169
UDC: 911:371.6
Abstract: The increasing emphasis on interaction in the clasroom during the implemetation of the teaching content requre teaching to be creativ and come up with better teaching moment, wich is now acheived by use of modern teaching aids. Once in class we talk about modern teaching aids we mean the introduction of computers in teaching and numerous opportunities it offers. Introduction of modern teaching aids in the teaching of geography should not be forgotten and out of the application of traditional teaching tools. In schools in the Bosnia and Hercegovina unfortunately, today there are difficulties in introducing modern teaching aids. One of them is of a material nature relating to the procurement of such funds, which require separation of a lot of money. Another difficulty lies in training teachers to use modern teaching aids. Today a small percentage of schools in the Bosnia and Hercegovina equipped with the teaching materials, primarily computers.
Keywords: clasroom, teaching, modern teaching aids, computers, the teaching of geography, Bosnia and Hercegovina
Borislav Puljić
Snježana Musa
AKTIVNOSTI STANOVNIKA SREDNJOVJEKOVNOG GRADA MOSTARA KAO DETERMINANTA NJEGOVE VELIČINE I FUNKCIJE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.1186
UDC: 911.37:314(497.6Mostar)"04/14"
Abstract: Population activity Ottoman Mostar can be observed across the three conditions Ottoman economic reality: ekonomc structures, ekonomc policies and economic system. Mostar was the center of business life in the period 1510-1570.g. when both occur in the Dubrovnik archives information about the arrival of traders, as well as boys at school from Mostar. Names of crafts there is visible dominated by street and mahalas names. It was there artifacts of gold and silver, sclavinie coarse robes and blankets of wool, dried fruit, figjam, maple syrup, etc. First stores were located on Mejdan about Sinan Pasha Mosque. They raised Cejvan Kethoda even 67, Nesuh aga Vucjakovic 26 and Zaim hajji Mehmed Bey, better known as Karadzozbeg, 58 shops, of which 42 and 16 for traders to Tabak. Priječka bazaar helped in the construction of three benefactors with almost 60 stores. Meaning shops in this city visible in the papers B. Hrabak, which, based on finds from the Dubrovnik Archivesbetween 1550th to 1570th in Mostar by three benefactors were open 153 actions. Caravan sales took place in Bosanski pashaluk habitual ways. Mostar was important to hangout on the basic direction of the Neretva, and the intersection of roads east-west. Small power hinterland Mostar did not allow greater significance of transport as Mostar between west-east. In a period of 137 years of a military-administrative functions of the city of Mostar is evident based on the domination of these titles in the Sidžil kadicourt records of Mostar, less than 43%. Religious vocations also have a high stake in the professions-8%, so that the military and state apparatus Ottoman state covers 51% of these jobs, and explains that the Government was she bureaucratic form that has dominated. City services were craftsmen with 26%, and if they are accompanied with some murphy_law masters and corporation then it is over 30% of artisans. The subject of thise paper is the Ottoman Mostar, whose economic development functions provide basic stamp derived from military and communications needs of the empire, agrarian relations related to Timar- bond system, esnaf rules craftsmen associations and new confessional circumstances of its inhabitants. The paper follows the conditioning function of calling his position on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire, and certainly the outskirts of the Bosnian pashalik. Methods of analysis and synthesis as indicators of Mostar kadi court records (protocol), data from old maps, analysis of toponyms, names of streets and waved in the Old Town.
Keywords: functions Ottoman Mostar town, population activities, Sidžil (protocol) Mostar kadi
Đurđica Komlenović
GEOGRAFSKO ZNANJE ZASNOVANO NA ISKUSTVU I POTREBAMA ODRASLIH
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.207
UDC: 911:37-053.8
Abstract: Subject of the research arecompetencies standards in the Program of experiment for functional elementary education for grownups. Our goal was to question the concept and projected level of suggested standards which are based on students’ competencies. The research had been conducted in the first half of year 2012. The sample included 52 seven graders from 35 schools in which Program of the experiment was being achieved (FOOO).Examination of student’s achievement was accomplished through the test of knowledge in two levels of achievement (basic and advanced level). In the examination itself we had been checking the concept of 8 descriptors (from total of 18) with 8 problems and 12 items.Problems represented one cluster which had represented two handbooks with other clusters from third cycle. Position of the clusters was different in-between handbooks, since we were interested in determining whether there was a difference in the index of complexity of the problems in one handbook compared to another. Placing the clusters in the particular handbooks was done in the respect of the problems’ content (including problems’ theme and type variety). The results of this research show that more than two thirds of the students solved problems correctly in the beginners level, and approximately half of the students solved problems in the advanced level. These results show that investigated descriptors for theadvanced level had not been well projected to examine the expected results in the beginnerslevel as well. It had also been determined, that the positionof the clusters in the handbooks does not affect the index of the complexity of the problems or the achievements of the students.
Keywords: Functional elementary education of grownups, standards, Geography.
Norbert Pap
Andor Vegh
UTJECAJI KORIDORA V/C NA RAZVOJ POGRANIČNIH PODRUČJA – SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE NA „JUGU“
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.216
UDC: 911.3:338.47*V/C(497.5+439)
Abstract: On the borderline between Hungary and Croatia, there is a short section of overland border, which lies on the territory of the late Baranya country. The border would gradually marginalize after Croatia'saccession to the EU and strengthen the bonds between the two peripheral regions. The national efforts to improve the conditions of these undeveloped areas are already sensible, but there is no general, joint concept, which handles this divided region as a whole.
The corridor is a rare element that could help in the development, besides the linking function. After the analysis, we'll try point out the similarities and differences between our focal area and the North-Bosnian-Croatian border region on the Sava river, which is also connected to the corridor in question.
Keywords: corridor V/C, impact, the borderline, Hungary, Croatia, development, similarities, differences.
Ružica Vuk
Biljana Vranković
Zoran Žitnik
ODNOSI USPJEHA I STRUKTURE PRISTUPNIKA DRŽAVNE MATURE IZ GEOGRAFIJE 2010. GODINE I UPISANIH STUDENATA 2010. GODINE NA STUDIJSKE PROGRAME NA GEOGRAFSKOM ODSJEKU PMF-A SVEUČILIŠTA U ZAGREBU
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.225
UDC: 911:37.018.048(497.5Zagreb)“2010“
Abstract: Geography is within the Croatian State Graduation exam optional subject and the candidates’ exam achievement is one of the important preconditions for the faculty enrolment to the study programmes at the Faculty of Science - Department of Geography, University of Zagreb. In this paper the relations between success and structure of State Graduation candidates in Geography 2010 and the success in the six obligatory courses during the first two years of study of students enrolled in study programmes at the Department of Geography are analysed. The Geography State Graduation candidates’ structure is presented by the type of secondary school and school programme; gender; grade of the Geography State Graduation exam and enrolment in bachelor study of Geography as well as integrated master study of Geography and History.The structure of the students enrolled to other faculties and study programmes in Croatia, is also presented by the students who in 2010 achieved excellent and very good success on the Geography State Graduation exam. This research included 1104 of the 2010 Geography State Graduation candidates, 41 second year students of the bachelor study of Geography and 8 students of integrated master study of Geography and History. The 2010 Geography State Graduation candidates come mainly from the gymnasium school programmes and especially from general-programme gymnasiums, while the candidates from the vocational school programmes are mostly represented by the students of economics programme. Testing the significance of the differences shows that the students from the gymnasium programmes achieved significantly better results in the Geography State Graduation exam that the students from the vocational programmes and thus gained the higher rank while faculty enrolling. The students enrolled 2010 in Geography study programmes mostly completed gymnasium school programmes. From the total number of Geography State Graduation candidates whose exam was graded as excellent, 30% enrolled to the Geography study programmes, followed by 18.66% of students graded as very good and 3.96% of students graded as good. Even though the State Graduation exam success is one of the preconditions to faculty enrolment, it is not the factor which influences the primary choice of faculty. Testing the significance of the differences shows that the students from the gymnasium programmes who enrolled enrol in Geography study programmes achieved significantlybetter results in the Geography State Graduation exam that the students who did not enrol. Finally, the statistically significant correlation was obtained between Geography State Graduation exam grade and average grade of six obligatory Geography faculty courses (Climatology, Cartography, Ocean Geography, Hydrogeography, Geomorphology, Population Geography). The results of this study contribute to the methodology development aimed to research specific elements of Geography curricula of secondary and high education, and also to methodology and epistemology development of Teaching Methodology of Geography, the discipline within the applied science in the field of Geography.
Key words: Geography State Graduation exam, bachelor study of Geography, integrated master study of Geography and History, faculty achievement, Teaching Methodology of Geography.
Ilir Aliaj
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.256
UDC: 911:371.3(496.5)
Abstract: In this paper, I am trying to explain the competitive advantage of a country towards EU integration more specifically the case of Albania. My first part of the paper is focused on the geographic position of Albania, its borders and geographic distance from EU countries such Italy and Greece, which means access to big markets. Second part of the paper is on relations between Albania and EU, relations which started only after the fall of communism and are a major push for political and socio-economic reforms in the country. Furthermore, the paper try to explain what is competitiveness of a country and provide an overview of different school of thoughts regarding the topic. In this part of the paper, I am explaining the three groups of competitiveness of a country, which are regional, national and international competitiveness. Also, on this part are explained the role of socio-economic factors on the competitiveness of a country and the system is a hierarchical, which has two parts first wealth, democracy, education, social justice and second are ability to export, to attract and to adjust.
Keywords: competitive advantage, Albania, geographic position, relations, EU, reforms, competitiveness, socio-economic factors.
Petra Bajo
Marija Misilo
Magdalena Ujević Bošnjak
Mate Vujević
EDUCIRANOST I NAVIKE LOKALNOG STANOVNIŠTVA S OBZIROM NA ODLAGANJE KOMUNALNOG I KANALIZACIJSKOG OTPADA NA PRIMJERU OPĆINE PODBABLJE U DALMATINSKOJ ZAGORI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.267
UDC: 911.3[502:37-051](497.5Podbablje)
Abstract: In professional and scientific circles it is well known that karst areas are extremely sensitive to pollution due to their specific geomorphological and hydrological features. However, the question is how aware the local population is of the dangers and consequences brought by irresponsible behaviour, particularly related to disposal of municipal waste and sewage. The paper provides an overview of this problem in Podbablje Municipality in Dalmatinska Zagora region. The research was conducted by interviewing a random sample of 50 persons in the chosen study area. The survey examined local residents’ current practices regarding waste management as well as how their practices changed over the last 20 years.
Key words: karst area, Podbablje Municipality, pollution, the problem of municipal waste and sewage disposal.
Nusret Drešković
Ranko Mirić
KLIMATSKA REGIONALIZACIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.280
UDC: 551.58:913(497.6)
Abstract: Investigations and definition of the climatic types in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been based on Köppen Climatic Classification. The differentiation of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian territory has been carried out and based on the results of the numerous climatic (physical-geographical especially) factors and the quantitative-spatial dynamics of the main climatic elements and established causal liks between them. Three main climatic classes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: C, D and E have been defined according to the Köppen Climatic Classification. Thedetailed analysis of the pluviometric regime has been carried out. On that basis, the following main climatic types have been defined: Cf – temperate warm and humid climate; Cs – Mediterranean climate; Df – humid boreal climate; ET – tundra climate. In total, eight climatic subtypes with the climatic subvariants on the level of the five alpha-index values have been defined by the final detailed quantitative analysis of the termic and pluviometric regimes and their spatial distributions.
Keywords: climatic regionalization, Köppen Climatic Classification, climatic factors, climatic elements, climatic classes, main climatic types, climatic subtypes.
Áron Lėphart
Péter Remėnyi
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.295
UDC: 911.3(497.113-04:439-04)
Abstract: The relation between the changes in the running and other characteristics (e.g. permeability) of state borders and the development potentials of the cities and towns of the borderlands has been in the focus of political geography for long time. The modern history of Central and Southeastern Europe is filled with border changes thus with changes in territorial power which influenced the development opportunities of the respective cities many times. In our work we focus on Vojvodina, a region with one of the most turbulent modern history in this part of Europe. We argue that the multiple border changes of the 20th century had determinative effect on the development possibilities of the region. In the majority of the cases in the era we may observe the establishment of new, highly uncooperative, barrier-like borders parallel with the deconstruction of similar ones. This caused, for the cities in new borderland position stagnation, while the new central position created new development opportunities. All this is overlapped in the region by serious ethnic tensions, major nation- and state-building efforts as well. A case study of the above mentioned processes is the Subotica-Novi Sad relation we also focus on in this paper. Besides the above mentioned we would like to emphasize that in the European integration there is the possibility of virtualizing borders, normalizing the cross-border relations and turn confronting borders to cooperative ones, which may create new opportunities for the cities of the Hungarian-Serbian borderland as well.
Key words: changes, the development potentials, cities, towns, the region, ethnic tensions, Subotica, Novi Sad, cross-border relations, opportunities.
Aida Bidžan
Haris Gekić
REGIONALNI DISPARITETI U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.303
UDC: 913.001.363(497.6)
Abstract: Differences and regional disparities exist and, hence, the authorities concern for taking long-term regional strategies designed to allocate resources to mitigate and then remove regional disparities. In such cases government intervention becomes imperative for regional policy development, but also for allocating resources for this purpose. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, regional development emerge first as a necessity to correct the existing regional disparities and on the other hand, to retrieve and apply EU law in this area. In all theoretical and practical approaches that aimed at the foundation of strategies and policies for economic and social development, the region is the cornerstone of the county level. Economic and social practice is often viewed as an administrative-territorial unit of a country, having, on the one hand, a geographical determination and on the other, an administrative determination involving an amount of institutional power, which gives it a certain autonomy in relation to the central authority.
Keywords: region, Regional development, geographical determination, administrative determination.
Enisa Kulašin
EDUKACIJA LOKALNOG STANOVNIŠTVA – KLJUČ U ODRŽIVOM RAZVOJU RURALNOG TURIZMA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.320
UDC:911.[338.48-44:37-057](497.6)
Abstract: The rural tourism should be one of the aspects of economy first of all to the local population in Bosnia and Herzegovina's villages and as well as every other activity needs to contribute to better life and life with more quality of the local society, where its negative effects need to be reduced on the lowest level. One of the major causes of lack of active participation of local people in planning of development in tourism in their communities is a complete absence of their professional education in this area, which is a prerequisite for building a secure foundations of sustainable tourism in the region. Education primarily has the aim to help the local population perceive what they can, what they want, in which amount and on the which way make their living spaces open, interesting and available for tourist. This work analyzes some of rural tourist destinations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and active participation of local community on their further sustainable growth, as well as effects were with tourism influences on quality of life in those rural settlements.
Keywords: rural tourism, Bosnia and Herzegovina's village, vocational education, local population, sustainable development.
Halid Kurtović
OČUVANA ŽIVOTNA SREDINA – OGLEDALO DRUŠTVENE ODGOVORNOSTI I ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA TURIZMA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.337
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1
Abstract: Interest, present in determining the interdependence of sustainable development of tourism and the environment initiates the knowledge that there are several approaches and methods that can be applied during the research. In order to try to make one or more further answers to this and other questions in this work the author found the tasks of research: 1st Define the concept of social responsibility in the tourism industry, 2nd Identify the elements that would serve to decide on the measures to preserve the environment. The aim of the paper is based on research to determine to what extent the planned activities in the promotion of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, contribute to the degradation of the environment. The research will be focused on obtaining answers, that will enable to: 1st Improve existing knowledge between the environment - tourism industry, 2nd Tune the existing theoretical framework, in the area of tourism development while preserving the environment,3rd Creates a data distribution system of environmental hazard, the competent national authorities (ministries of tourism, etc.), planners and managers in the tourism industry operators. The research, will be based on three platforms: caution, customizing and soundness of the economy. Thus the given framework of research, consideration will be given direct and indirect effects of the tourism industry, as well as labor-intensive tertiary industries, generating economic growth and has significant economic functions in a country where tourism is taking place.
Key words: ecology, tourism, industry, tourism, economy, sustainable development and social responsibility.
Dejan Cigale
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.349
UDC: 913:338.48-44(497.4-22)
Abstract: Farm tourism in Slovenia has developed in almost all Slovenian regions, even in the ones which are otherwise almost without any tourist accommodations. Despite this, its importance remains very limited. Its share in tourist overnight stays in Slovenia is only around 1%. Foreign tourists prevail (60% of overnight stays on farms in 2011), while the share of domestic overnight stays is only around 40%. To get an insight into the reasons for a very modest interest of domestic tourists for staying on tourist farms, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The research focusedalso on the motives for staying on tourist farms. The results have pointed out some characteristics of tourist farms, which are important as attraction factors. Factors related to agricultural activity are often only of secondary importance. Frequently, more important are the ones related to the rural space, its aesthetic values and recreation opportunities.
Key words: Farm tourism, Slovenian regions, motives, attraction factors, agricultural activity, rural space, aesthetic values, recreation opportunities.
Jasenka Kranjčević
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA NA JADRANSKOJ IZLOŽBI U BEČU 1913.
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.366
UDC: 061.42:338.48(497.6:436.1)"1913"
Abstract: The paper refers to illuminate the meaning and role of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Adriatic exhibitions (Adria Ausstellung) held in Vienna from 3 May to 5 October 1913. Adriatic exhibition is certainly the most important exhibition relating to the development and promotion of tourism southern countries Austro- Hungarian monarchy. Ignoring strictly geographical name of the exhibition, it is Bosnia and Herzegovina paid great significance. Title of the article that appeared in the Austrian Kurorte Zeitung in 1913 dedicated to the opening of the Adriatic exhibition titled "New tourist country of Bosnia and Herzegovina." In order to get acquainted with the tourist almost unknown country for broad layers of the exhibition is open to house Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which the visitors, photos or text could learn about the cultural, historical, ethnographic and natural sights of the country. During the exhibition in Vienna were held lectures about Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: history of Tourism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Adriatic exhibition, Vienna.
Sanja Lozić
Ivan Gambiroža
Denis Radoš
PRIRODNO-GEOGRAFSKE PRETPOSTAVKE TURISTIČKE VALORIZACIJE I ANTROPOGENI UTJECAJ NA KRAJOBRAZ PORJEČJA GORNJE KRKE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.376
UDC: 911.3:338.483.11(497.5Krka)
Abstract: The area of the upper basin of Krka river has a natural potential that could has a major role in the development of tourism. Despite the variety and attractiveness of a range of different natural features, primarily geomorphological, tourism in the region is still underdeveloped. The most significant natural features are the Dinara and Prominamountains, Krka, Butišnica and Krčić rivers and several lakes (particularly Šarena,Burumska, Bračića and Babića lakes and Golubićko accumulation lake) which are potential destinations for the development of tourism in this region. Large water resources provide the opportunity to develop different types of tourism, such as fishing, rafting along Krka and Butišnica rivers etc. The whole area is rich in a variety of plant and animal species, mainly dominated by deciduous species with some conifers. According to the Croatian State Institute for Nature Protection, within the project area three sites are distinguished by their natural characteristics: the National park Krka, part of Krka river upstream from the border of National Park (protected landscape), Krčić river (special geomorphological and hydrological reserve), and Stara Straža (geological nature monument). Given the above, it can be concluded that the area of the upper basin of Krka river has an outstanding physical- geographic predispositions for tourism in accordance with sustainable development. Thanks to the large natural diversity, more intense development of different forms of tourism(such as hiking, biking, rafting, hunting, fishing and other forms of tourism) are possible, as well as the development of scientific tourism, field research, field trips, etc. From his arrival in area of the upper basin of Krka river, a man contributed to the landscape change in different ways; because of existence has used all the opportunities which has been given from nature. Today, in some areas of the basin this impact is negatively manifested through water and air pollution, depletion of soil, destruction of habitats and the extinction of some plant and animal species. Through the history, areas of fertile and drier fields along water streams (primarily Butišnica, Krka and Kosovčica rivers) are more inhabitated, so the impact of human activities on natural landscape changes is expressed in a greater extent than in the nearby karst areas.
Keywords: the upper basin of Krka river, touristic valorisation, anthropogenic impact, natural landscape.
Valentina Brečko-Grubar
Gregor Kovačić
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.396
UDC: 911.3:448.483.11(497.4)
Abstract: Low-lying, depositional areas of Slovenian coast had been transformed into saltpans already in the time of Roman Empire. After the abandonment of salt production, saltpans were progressively transformed back into salt or brackish wetlands. Until rather recently, the importance and the value of the later were not properly recognized. Therefore, a large part of the wetlands have been subjected to draining and water regulation works, converted into agricultural land and later transformed into urbanised coastal areas. However, some of the wetlands have been preserved till nowadays and present protection areas of Škocjanski zatok Nature Reserve, Strunjan Landscape Park and Sečovlje Saltpans Landscape Park. Especially the first one was a highly degraded area. After vast renaturation and remediation works the Škocjanski zatok lagoon was protected as nature reserve in 1998. Sečovlje Saltpans Landscape Park was establish in 2001 and Strunjan Landscape Park in 2004. Basic intents of these threeprotected wetlands are the preservation of present state against the possible devastating human impacts in the area, preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. In mostly urbanized Slovenian cost the protected wetlands present important natural environments in the near surroundings of highly populated cites of Koper, Izola, Piran and Portorož. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the visitors of all three protected wetlands of Slovenian coast, but the respondents had to be the permanent residents of Koper, Izola and Piran municipalities. The survey confirmed our expectations that ones degraded areas of no value have gained new functions and significance. A number of daily and regular visitors prove that the wetlands provide good conditions for relaxation and recreation. Respondents deemed that the wetlands contribute to the quality of their living environment and to higher value of local and regional costal area. Beside relaxation, observing of nature, plant and animal species through the year are also the reasons for visiting wetlands, which proves their educational role. The majority of respondents agrees that protection of the wetlands is an adequate land use and would not devote these areas to any other human activities. Furthermore, they want that these areas preserve their present state and remain the places for leisure activities of inhabitants of coastal settlements. Groups of visitors from other parts of the state and abroad visiting one of the wetlands show that the tourist importance of the wetlands is increasing. In 2010, Sečovlje Saltpans Landscape Park recorded 28,000 visitors. For the other two wetlands only estimations of visitor numbers exist. Due to high natural vulnerability and low carrying capacity of wetlands, managing of each of the protected wetlands is a great professional challenge. On theother hand, protected areas present a development opportunity for local environment, especially in the landscape parks. Sečovlje Saltpans Landscape Park shows obvious economic impacts on the local environment, while on the other hand the development of the Strunjan Landscape Park is yet in progress.
Key words: Coastal wetland, nature protection, nature reserve, landscape park, Slovenia
Šemsudin Džeko
UTICAJ AGROTURIZMA NA RAZVOJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.408
UDC: 338.48-53:63(497.6)
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show the influence of agritourism on development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. With regard to importance of agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in last ten years, it is obvious that the modern agrotechnical measures affect strongly the agritourism development. In addition, some new features of the agritourism development according to various natural and social attractions, as well as level of tourist valorisation and different motives of travelling in Bosnia and Herzegovina, have been emphasised in the paper. The main objective and target of this research is to determine which concepts are applied for development of agritourism in rural settlements of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Different issues and problems that appeared in development of agritourism have also been researched. Results of research indicate that agritoursm is an important form of the regional development of the peripheral rural areas in Bosnia and Hercegovina. Within the industrial agricultural production, the policy of tighter linking the industry and agritourism in rural settlements was introduced, in particular with producers of fruit, vegetables and drinks, which accelerated differentiation of the agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina Thanks to modern agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, new occupational structure of employees and the market as well, more than 150 different food products were produced up to 2009, which sell successfully both on domestic and foreign market. Analysis of the modern agrotechnical measures in agricultural production of Bosnia and Herzegovinia indicates that significantly larger quantities of food, for needs of agrotourism, might be produced against the actual production. Further development of association and cooperation of individualproducers with bearers of organised agricultural production of healthy food, i.e. with private sector is, therefore, of great importance.
Key words: agrotourism, development, rural settlement, agricultural production, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Radmila Jovanović
Olgica Miljković
ODREĐIVANJE EKOTURISTIČKIH POTENCIJALA BALKANSKE SRBIJE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.421
UDC: 338.48-6:502/504(497.11-11)
Abstract: Ecotourism in recent years, attracts great attention, it has become an alternative to mass tourism, particularly as a means of economic development in undeveloped regions. The Balkans Serbia is subregion of eastern Serbia, which is characterized by poor economic development, negative development tendencies on one hand. On the other hand, this region has a large untapped tourist dimension of the territory with high eco-tourism potential. This work has been identified and mapped potential ecotourism sites in the Balkans Serbia with GIS.
Keywords: The Balkans Serbia, ecotourism, natural resources, mapping
Ismir Bradić
MJESTA RATNIH DOGAĐANJA I RATNI MUZEJI KAO TURISTIČKE LOKACIJE I ATRAKCIJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI - ANALIZA NA PRIMJERU SARAJEVA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.433
UDC: 338.48:341.48(497.6Sarajevo)
Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina sees its chance primarily in the diversity of forms of tourism which entails multiple available offers. Based on the diversity of tourist offer, an at-tempt needs to be made in forming tourism niches that are not part of the tourist attractions of neighboring countries. For example, Sarajevo offers tourist tours that feature sites of the past war. It is these themed tours that are providing tourists with the possibility of gaining knowledge and understanding of adverse events from the previous war, as well as current developments that imply positiveness. Unfortunately, due to concerns that promoting war tourism could develop a bad image, such tours are not advertised aggressively. Tourist image of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established with potential visitors through lack of information and uncertainty. Images of war are often more present in the eyes of potential visitors than current events and tourist information. All of this leads to doubt and hesitation of potential tourists about the progress and security in Sarajevo, and, therefore, also in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to establish a more positive image it is necessary to rethink the current plan and develop a new marketing strategy without ignoring the war past that is recent history, and therefore an integral part of the country.
Key words: Tourist Offer, Bosnia and Herzegovina, war sites, war tourism, marketing strategy.
Lejla Žunić
TURISTIČKI RESURSI I POTENCIJALI URBANE JEZGRE SARAJEVA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.464
UDC: 911.37:338.48(497.6Sarajevo)
Abstract: Considering that tourism is of great importance for the city development, there is a spatial analysis and identification of elementary tourist resources and potentials in Sarajevo urban area to be done. Research methodology is based on longitudinal observations and apply of geographic analysis and synthesis, comparations, identifications and classification method, statistic method, cartography method, terrain work, etc. Terrain research is very important at identification and inventarisation of natural and anthropogenic tourist resources on smaller administrative- territorial level (municipality level). The aim of this article is to identify recently characteristics and trends in tourism of Sarajevo in need to improve the overall tourism planning and development of the city.
Key words: Sarajevo, tourism, natural tourist resources, anthropogenic tourist resources, tourism planning, tourist development.
Senada Nezirović
MOGUĆNOSTI ZA RAZVOJ REKREATIVNOG TURIZMA U TUZLANSKOM KANTONU
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.481
UDC: 338.48:711.558(497.6TK)
Abstract: Tuzla Canton has opportunities to develop complementary forms of recreational tourism. Despite the good recreation opportunities in this area is still underdeveloped, and natural resources are generally not used. With appropriate investment and activation of tourism community, Tuzla Canton could be important destination for visitors who would be able to enjoy various aspects of sports and recreation activities such as excursions, recreations, hunting and fishing. This paper analyzes the possibilities for development of recreational tourism in the Tuzla Canton, and considers whether Tuzla Canton knows and can use factors of tourist demand and to provide additional economic aspects of tourism revenue.
Keywords: Tuzla Canton, recreation, sports tourism, tourism.
Aida Bidžan
TURISTIČKO-GEOGRAFSKI REJONI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.496
UDC:913:338.48(497.6)
Abstract: The subject of this study are the touristic-geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current state of the touristic-geographical regions will be presented, along with their tourist visiting rate and tourism functionality. The aim is to emphasize the importance of existing touristicgeographical regions and the formation of new ones, in order to contribute to the future development of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina and increase the quality of tourist services. The study will deal with the functionality of the touristic-geographical regions. The average annual value of tourist visits and the average rating of those areas' tourist products will serve as parameters. The multiplicity of the touristic-geographical regional distribution lies in the fact that tourism mobilizes almost all branches of domestic economy and thus contributes to the growth of the GDP, employment and investments. With tourism as the stimulator, such touristic-geographical regional distribution would contribute to the development of undeveloped areas in which classic industrial development failed to do so (e.g. Medjugorje, Kupres, Trnovo and Fojnica municipality). Concluding thoughts, problems, deficiencies and potential solutions for the improvement of the development of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be presented at the end of this study, in order for our country to become an important part of the region’s and world’s future tourism processes.
Keywords: Tourism, functionality, regionalisation, tourism development.
Alma Pobrić
Edin Hrelja
IDENTIFIKACIJA, VALORIZACIJA I RANGIRANJE FIZIČKOGEOGRAFSKIH TURISTIČKIH MOTIVA U DESTINACIJI GORNJEG PODRINJA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.512
UDC: 911.2:338.48(497.6Gornje Podrinje)
Abstract: Touristic motives are one of three basic elements for regional understanding of tourist movements. Motives can be divided according to the attractive effect into recreational and cultural and according to genesis into physical-geographical and anthropogenic. Natural-geographic tourism values that are important for the development of tourism in this area are: geomorphological motives, hydrographic motives and biogeographic travel motives. Valuation of the environment falls into domain of regional planning, so choice of grading procedure depends on the purpose of evaluation and size of the territory. Identification and listing of of all natural-geographic travel motives were first made in the tourist destination of the Upper Podrinje area. In tourist practice, instead of a term tourist identification, term of recognition is often used, but this term is much wider and more complex. Identification and valorization of physical-geographical travel motives is done in the ambient field during which factors such as the tourist location, ambience, attractiveness, and compatibility of construction were evaluated. After that with ranking by the regular scale of value, the tourist significance of motives for develop of touristical destination of Upper Podrinje area was determined.
Key words: motives, values, identification, valorization, ranking, Podrinje, natural-geographic, geomorphological, hydrographic, biogeographic.
Marija Jukić
POTENCIJALI I DETERMINANTE RAZVOJA KOMPLEKSNE TURISTIČKE PONUDE FOJNIČKOG KRAJA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.527
UDC: 911.3:338.48(497.6Fojnica)
Abstract: One of the basic postulates of ecotourism is its incorporation in tourism offer of communities. This is possible to achieve through the presentation of local cultural heritage, development of ethno tourism and as the final product reaching tourism offer through ecotourism. The paper presents the potentials and limitations in the development of these types of tourisms in area of Fojnica. Methods and quantifications of cultural heritage that have been applied may in this research be crucial for enriching tourism offers. In certain areas survey has been carried out in order to determine the interest of local population for the tourism offer. Ecotourism and rural tourism (in this case it serves to promote local heritage and culture) are not just forms of tourism; they are means or methods to promote economic development, environmental protection and also to help in the employment of rural people. Local population is showing little interest, and that indicates the necessity of comprehensive education of the population in terms of capabilities, resources and placement of tourist offer, though the development concepts of rural, eco and ethno tourism in the area of Fojnica. That is definitely the way to start this king of offer. Eco, ethno and rural tourism doesn’t exist beside the Prokosko Lake, where tourism offer is at very low level. Local residents with its cultural heritage are able to create new opportunities. They need to promote the concept of managing their region through the development of different types of rural, eco and ethno tourism. The main limitation to the rural, eco and ethno tourism development is often incomplete connection between preservation of nature, the local population and the tourism sector. Because of this reasons local population are not interested in other forms of tourism.The practical application of this research points to the necessity of education, and the need for better interaction between local residents, the tourism sector and those who manage cultural heritage protection of Fojnica.
Key words: Spa tourism, ecological tourism, protected areas, rural tourism, Area of Fojnica.
Ana Vovk Korže
EKOREMEDIACIJE ZA PRILAGAJANJE PODNEBNIM SPREMEMBAM
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.549
UDC: 911.3:502/504
Abstract: Increased rainfall fluctuations in individual years and during the year may have more negative effects, while in southern Europe are expected to decrease in summer, in northern and central EU is intensifying in winter. Extreme weather conditions such as heat waves and droughts, may seriously disrupt production, especially during critical phases of crop development. Many fruit trees are susceptible to spring frosts during flowering, the crop is highly affected by the winter temperatures. With warmer temperatures will advance both the date of the last spring frost and the beginning of flowering, the risk of damage is likely to remain largely unchanged. Risk of damage from autumn frosts will likely decrease the demand for water has increased. This paper discusses the role ecoremediation (natural purification systems) for adaptation to climate change.
Key words: rainfall, increase, heat waves, droughts, phases, crop, flowering, temperatures, ecoremediation, adaptation.
Rifat Škrijelj
Enad Korjenić
Samir Muhamedagić
Senad Šljuka
Mahir Gajević
Adil Džano
Emir Habibović
BIODIVERZITET IHTIOFAUNE NACIONALNOG PARKA UNA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.562
UDC: 502[574:597](497.6NP Una)
Abstract: Investigations of diversity of ichthyofauna in the National park Una have been intensified during last few years through various studies, and in order to get better insight into total biodiversity in this area. The importance of knowledge and preservation of biodiversity in protected areas is clear considering increasing human impacts on rivers. Investigations of the state of ichthyopopulation have covered river Una and its tributaries rivers Unac and Krka at nine sites within the area of 347 km2 of National park Una. The obtained results indicate relative low fish species diversity. Seven species from four families have been regsitered: Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Thymallidae and Cottidae. Despite relative low species diversity, it could be concluded thta fish fauna diversity is at satisfying level, particularly taking into acount that investigated sites are positioned in the upper parts of waterways in the National park Una, which belong to salmonide river regions.
Key words: biodiversity, ichthyofauna, National park Una.
Mevlida Operta
RUDNI RESURSI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE – STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.574
UDC: 553:502(497.6)
Abstract: It is well-known that the mining in Bosnia and Herzegovina has a long tradition, reached its full prosperity during the Middle Ages when the mine was done by the Saxons. Yet then there were three known mine areas in Bosnia: middle-Bosnia minehill, west Bosnia - Valley of the Rivers Sana and Japra, and east Bosnia with its centre in Srebrenica. It was shown in this paper the review of deposits of various metals (Iron, Manganese, Chrome, Lead, Zinc, Aluminium, Antimony, Arsenic, etc.) which are situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For each of metalic mineral raw were given the description of origin of mines according to geological periods and the review of former researches and exploitations starting from the oldest times up to day. For some raws there were the reserves also assigned, what clearly ilustrates the existence of perspective concerning the growth of reserves of certain kinds of raws.
Key words: mining resources, research, mining, exploitation, reserves, perspectives.
Igor Žiberna
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.590
UDC: 502[551.58:631](497.4)
Abstract: In this article are presented trends of temperature, precipitation, water balance and some other climatic phenomena in Slovenia and their their influence on agricultural production. Analysed are the changes of monthly, seasonal and annual averages in observational sequences. Treated is also dynamics of trend changes in the observational period. In Slovenia temperature growth, water balance decrease, decreasing number of snowing days and, consequently, also decreasing number of days with snow cover are being registered in the last couple of decades. The consequence of the changing of climate elements regime and increasing number of extreme climate circumstances, having either direct or indirect influence on agriculture. Water balance in Ljubljana decreased with the dynamics of 261,32 mm/100 years and in Maribor with the dynamics of 240,45 mm/100 years. Such trends cause a serious problem primarily in the north – eastern and south-western part of Slovenia, in which moisture deficiency in spring and summer months more and more often represents usual situation. Moisture deficiencies have been intensified in the last decades. In Maribor (and also within range of the whole north – eastern part of Slovenia) a record – breaking precipitation deficiency has been registered in the last years and after the year 2000 there have been just two years with moisture sufficiency.
Key words: temperature, precipitation, water balance, Slovenia, agricultural production, Ljubljana, Maribor deficiencies.
Edina Muratović
Samir Đug
CRVENA LISTA FLORE FBIH – ISTRAŽIVANJA I REZULTATI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.609
UDC: 574.9:502.211(497.6)
Abstract: The proposal for the Red list of the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina was made by the late dr. Čedomil Šilić in 1990 on the basis of literature data on the flora and vegetation gathered from the end of 19th century by various investigators. The list has included 678 taxa of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. The investigations for the Red list of the flora of FBiH have been carried out in 2012. The nomenclature was prepared after Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1980). Besade the name of taxon, synonims, IUCN status, estimation of population size and its trends, caues of threat, habitat description, as well as as its distribution in F BiH are given. The level of threat is given in accordance with 3.1 version of IUCN categories and criteria for Red Lists (IUCN, 2001), and Guidance foe use of IUCN categories and criteria for Red Lists (IUCN, 2005). Estimation of population size is given on the basis of assessment of the areal size or the number of specimens. The reasons of threat are given in accordance with standard IUCN classification (Hilton-Taylor, 2000). Conservation measures include data on conservation status of given taxon in F BiH, and evental recommendations. Distribution of given taxon in F BiH is mapped on the absis of literature data and field investigations.
Key words: Red Lists, IUCN, flora, F BiH.
Mirna Mazija
Patčev Elena
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.622
UDC: 502[598.2/.9:621.245](497.5)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the current state in prescribing mitigation measures from impact of wind farms on birds in Croatia. From the list of wind power projects introduced in the Register of renewable energy sources, available studies of the environmental impact, alongside with possible solutions, were investigated. Through analysis of legal measures of protection and comparison of practices in other world countries, it was concluded that Croatia uses a small percentage of protection measures in relation to the world trends. Monitoring of ornitofauna during wind farms' operational timespan is the only measure prescribed in all analyzed solutions. Coloring the wind turbines' propellers and associated cabling was prescribed in 58% of cases, avoiding construction in the sensitive period of the year (nesting period) in 50%, and the use of minimal lighting, as well as deterring birds from wind turbines by creating artificial feeding posts on remote locations in 42% rescripts. Selection of sites for the construction of wind turbines is based on regional plans that were drafted without an elaborate environmental component, which is one of the first steps in protection of ornitofauna in other world countries. Of the total of 20 recorded protection measures, only 13 of them are prescribed in Croatia.
Key words: wind farms, mitigation measures, effects on birds, ornithology.
Suvad Lelo
Mirzeta Kašić-Lelo
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.635
UDC: 502[574.9:582.394.75](497.6Ozren)
Abstract: U ovom radu izvršena je analiza zastupljenosti vrsta na vertikalnom profilu južne strane planine Ozren kod Sarajeva prema osnovnim abiotičkim ekološkim faktorima: geološkoj podlozi, pedološkom sastavu geološke podloge, sastavu vegetacijskih zajednica, nagibu i ekspoziciji terena . Istraživanja su provedena tokom dvije godine u periodu april – septembar 2008. i 2009. godine, na 6 odabranih lokaliteta (Nahorevo, Orlovac, Skakavac, Bukovik, Čavljak, Crepoljsko) na vertikalnom profilu južnih padina planine Ozren kod Sarajeva. Tokom ovog istraživanja sakupljene su 594 jedinke, osnodno predstavnici sedam vrsta porodice Cetoniidae Leach. Poređenje podataka o sakupljenim insektima i geološkoj podlozi pokazuje da su cetonide najčešće nalažene na gornjomiocenskoj podlozi (39,90%), prema pedološkom sastavu podloge cetonide su najčešće nalažene na rendzini i smeđim tlima na laporima (39,90%), prema zemljišnom pokrovu cetonide su najčešće nalažene pored vrtova i obrađivanih površina te uz šikare, odnosno uz rubove mješovitih šuma (79,04%). Poređenje podataka o sakupljenim insektima i nagibu istraživanog terena jasno pokazuje da su cetonide najčešće nalažene na terenima čiji je nagib između 10-37°, dok su nalazi na višim nagibima bili znatno rjeđi. Korelacija između ekspozicije na terenu i broja sakupljenijh jedinki i vrsta tokom ovog istraživanja nije utvrđena.
Keywords: porodica Cetoniidae, geološka podloga, pedološki sastav geološke podloge, sastav vegetacijskih zajednica, nagib, ekspozicija, Ozren.
Nusret Drešković
Samir Đug
PRIMJENA DALJINSKE DETEKCIJE U ISTRAŽIVANJU VEGETACIJE NA PRIMJERU PLANINE OZREN U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.653
UDC: 528[911.2:581.9](497.6Ozren)
Abstract: The use of the natural and spatial resources optimization is one of the most actualized recent processes, especially in the case of the more and more limited spatial capacities and natural resources. This process is specially actualized during the last century and related to the intensive growth of the world population and their growing needs in the space and resources. Nowadays, all scientific-technical capacities have been initiated in the aim of the mitigiation of the negative trends related to recent spatial use and natural resources exploatation and consumption. The significant aspects in the mentioned rationalization are the vegetation investigations, including aspect of their range and the level of the vegetation association structure. In this paper, the vegetation investigation results conducted on the mt. Ozren during the third phase of the project „Europe’s Living Heart - Preserving B&H’s natural heritage using EU-tools“ have been presented. The investigations have been conducted in the several different phases: from the application of the different software models of the nonsupervised and supervised classification to the fieldwork verification of the results. The vegetation map obtained of the mt. Ozren in the level of the vegetation association presents the results obtained.
Key words: natural resources, spatial resources, rationalization, vegetation association, mt. Ozren, software models, fieldwork verification.
Haris Gekić
MREŽA I SISTEM NASELJA OPĆINE BUGOJNO
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.675
UDC: 911.37:314(497.6Bugojno)
Abstract: In this paper are given adapted geographical determinants of the Bugojno municipality development settlement network, on the basis of relevant teorethical and methodological assumptions and qualitative and quantitative indicators. The spatial distribution of settlements and populations is a key issue when dealing with regional and spatial planning. It is not only important to present the general characteristics of the geographical location, but also to accentuate and explain certain elements of population distribution. In this case, the applicative value of sociogeographical studies of settlements and populations will become fully evident. Experience has shown that the results of such study methods are also necessary to related sciences dealing with the solution of the problem of space as the living environment of people.
Keywords: population distribution, settlement distribution, transport network, relief.
Marijan Antunović
MEĐUNARODNA ZAŠTITA OKOLIŠA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.692
UDC: 911.3:502/504(100)
Abstract: The author describes the beginnings of environmental laws that were initially covered only certain government contracts that was local and regional character. A series of environmental disasters that have occurred up to the seventies of the 20th century resulted in the maintenance of international conferences on the environment and the signing of many international treaties on the environment. This paper presents a historical overview of international conferences to date that are related to environmental issues. Featured are the most important conclusions of conferences and their impact on the adoption of international environmental agreements. It was stated that the Republic of Croatia has signed numerous international agreements ratified by a majority of the Croatian Parliament, and some contracts were inherited by notification of succession.
Keywords: Environment, International agreements, Environmental protection, Conferences, Legislation.
Fuad Šabović
Nusret Mekić
KOHEZIJA ARHITEKTURE I GEOEKOLOGIJE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.726
UDC: 911.3[72:502]
Abstract: The energy crisis in the world, has also, in our country, launched a new wave in architecture - the design of structures using geoecological materials. The main advantage of this architecture is primarily a cohesion between architecture and nature, protection of the building from external physical effects as well as greater energy efficiency within the building, and therefore savings. Use of natural materials and natural energy sources functions in a very simple way. Designing in this way achieves the following goals: preserving the natural environment, conserving energy and reducing energy needs.
Key words: architecture, geoecology, energy, protection.
Andrej Gajić
AKVATORIJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE KAO ADAPTIVNA ZONA KLASE CHONDRICHTHYES HUXLEY, 1880
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.732
UDC:591.9:502(497.6Neum)
Abstract: Marine part of Bosnia and Hezegovina is definded by internationally recognized borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the total length of the coastline that belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina inside the Neum bay and outside Klek peninsula is 24 km. According to actual check -list of cartilaginous fish from Fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Gajić & Lelo, 2011a; Gajić & Lelo, 2011b), the marine part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, permanently of temporarily resides seven species of sharks and five species of rays, while the 20 members of the obsered group are assert as possible, or expected. Whithin the field research of marine part of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Neum2011" was done by filming the entire Neum bay by a scientificresearch diving team who recorded a three-dimensional topographical map with detailed depictions of the botton in certain locations and biocenosis that inhabited them. Analyzing the data obtained in the aforementioned studies, comes to the conclusion that the bottom of the entire region is composed of extremely small particles of sediment, or silt (less than 1 mm and greater than 1,5 μm). The deepest point is located whith the Neum bay at 27.5 m. Topographically speaking, the entire bottom of Neum bay represents an plateau of an average depth between 17 and 20 m. The author consider that marine part of Bosni and Herzegovina, according to ecological characteristics, can be a suitable habitat for seven species of sharks (which have been already recorded at the given site): Mustelus mustelus (L.), M. Asterias Cloquet, 1821, (?) M. Punctulatus Risso, 1827, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.), S. Stellaris L., Squatina squatina (L.), Squalus acanthias L.; and five species of rays: Raja clavata L., R. Miraletus L., Torpedo marmorata (Risso, 1810), Dayiatis pastinaca (L.), and Myliobatis aquila L.. Although recorded, blue shark (Prionace glauca (L.)) is not represented as a permanent inhabitant of the observed region and, like all other spedcies that are listed as possible or could be expected to swim into but not into the waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key words: Neum Bay, Sharks, rays, fieldwork.
Jasmina Osmanković
REGIONALNA NAUKA I BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.747
UDC: 913(497.6)(091)
Abstract: This paper briefly traces history of the filed of regional science. The focus of the paper is regional science and Bosnia and Herzegovina, SEE, and some of major contributors, educations, and impacts to policy.
JEL classification: B20, B25, B31
Key words: Regional science, history, education, policy, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Rahman Nurković
INDUSTRIJA U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.764
UDC: 911.3:338.45]:711.061(497.6)(091)
Abstract: The article consists of two parts: (1) general and historical conditions of industry development, with the designated periods, and (2) contemporary processes of restructuring in conditions of transition. Bosnia and Herzegovina has significant difficulties in restructuring, but also some good prospects to be included fast into the European economic flows. Our research is going to be focused primarily on the new development of the industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In geopolitical and economic transformation Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to group of the European countries in transition, respectively it is in a specific process of transformation from the planned, real-socialist system into the market, entrepreneurial economy. After the Second World War, industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina developed on the locations that have already been marked by pre-war industrialisation. Industrial firms were expanding and occupying larger and larger areas. Industrialisation in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina started during the Austro-Hungarian rule, at the end of the nineteenth century. Economic and cultural progress was rapid owing to capitalist system of the state that had a strong economy and technical organisation. In addition, it had a skilled personnel and significant capital. It is, therefore, quite normal that, under such circumstances, industry developed fast in all regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Such basic structure of industry remained characteristic of Bosnia and Herzegovina up to now. Faster development of industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina followed at the end of the nineteenth century after establishment of Salt Factory in Tuzla (1886), the Kreka Lignite Mine, Salt Mine in Tušanj and Sodium Factory Lukavac (1893). On one hand, there is a strong concentration of the industrial jobs in the five municipalities: Sarajevo, Mostar, Banja Luka, Tuzla and Zenica, and on the other hand, almost unindustrialised areas. This is demonstrated also by the number of employed people in industry.
Keywords: industry, transition, Bosnia and Herzegovina, real-socialist system, factory, industrialisation, development.
Željka Šiljković
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.786
UDC: 911.3[338.439.22:637](497.5)
Abstract: Sheep and breeding is a traditional economic activity in Littoral Croatia and throughout the past it has often been the only source of income for local population. During the 20th century the number of sheep and goats reduced significantly, primarily because of the intensive deagrarization od rural areas and emigration of rural population into urban centers, and partly as a result of political decisions.
Today the revitalization of sheep and goat breeding is encouraged by market demand for meat and cheese both in littoral and continental part of Croatia. Although the imported species prevail in breeding, producers are trying to preserve autochthonous breeds as well.
Keywords: sheep, goat, breeding, Croatia.
Boštjan Kerbler
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.826
UDC: 911.3:364.4-053.9
Abstract: Western society is characterized by increasing ageing. Due to ageing of the population, countries are dealing with increasing financial needs in providing adequate social, health and housing care as well as the issue of insufficient capacities and long waiting lists at hospitals and retirement homes. One of society’s responses to these issues is also the idea that elderly people should be given the opportunity to stay in their home environment as long as possible, capable of living as independently as possible with high quality of life. International research shows that this could be achieved by developing new information and communication technologies (ICT), which would provide remote home care or “telecare”. In the article opportunities, problems and solutions of a remote home care system as part of the regular or general health and social care system for the elderly are presented.
Keywords: ageing population, living environment, ageing at home, quality of living of the elderly, information and communication technologies, ICT, remote home care, telecare.
Ibro Skenderović
Bećir Kalač
Jovan Romelić
GEOGRAFSKE OSNOVE POLJOPRIVEDNE PROIZVODNJE ROŽAJSKOG KRAJA U CRNOJ GORI
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.835
UDC: 911.3:338.43(497.16Rožaje)
Abstract: The paper deals with the natural conditions and social factors in Rozaje of Montenegro, which influence the formation of specific characteristics of agricultural production. Heavily dissected mountain relief with large limestone terrain and steep slopes, plains, and the lack of fertile land, a considerable elevation, and sometimes quite harsh climatic conditions that determine a relatively short growing season, are the reasons that some people continuously engaged in crop production. Natural predisposition to allow other than forestry, animal husbandry takes the primary role. On the emergence and survival of agriculture was also influenced by the increasing scarcity of wheat and other crop products, difficulties in buying these products from Metohija and other parts, and the constant interdependence of agriculture and animal husbandry. Secondary importance, too, are growing, cultivation of medicinal plants and beekeeping. How existing firms that are engaged in agriculture as a main or a side activity, so far not been achieved notably more business results, greater growth in agricultural production should make fuller use of the development opportunities of the individual sectors through cooperation and through subsidies and other incentives. To this end it adopted plans and programs for revitalization of the village and work for their implementation, in order to stop further processes deagrarization and depopulation of villages, maintain the existing workforce capable and possibly allow the return of the workforce of the city.
Keywords: Montenegro, Rožaje end, agriculture, animal husbandry, farming, fruit growing.
Rade Knežević
Renata Grbac Žiković
RAZVOJNI POTENCIJALI OPĆINE SABORSKO
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.857
UDC: 911.372:338.246.88(497.5Saborsko)
Abstract: Motive to write this paper is solidarity with the Commission for geographically marginalized areas, of the International Geographical Union, which promotes researches of neglected karst landscapes. The aim of this paper was to deal with the face of marginalization, on the example of the Saborsko municipality and consideration of its further revlitalization or at least sustainablility of the current situation.
Therefore, the paper explores the reasons of the marginalization and the main potentials that are its sustained chance. Saborsko municipality occupies the northern, mountainous border, of Plitvice National Park and Sborčansko, Jeseničko and Blaćansko field. Municipality continues on traffic and settlement network of Ogulinsko Plascan-basin and its administrative structure is part of Karlovac County (Croatia). The research relies on the method of field data collection and research surveys. The main reasons of the marginalization are determined as same as thefact that the present economic development relied on the exploitation of natural resources. So development model was based on the export of raw materials and not on materialized human labor. A characteristic of this development model is often synonymous for underdevelopment.
Second part of the paper, discusses the main development potentials, and proposed directions of development, namely:
- Development of wood processing trades,
- Development of hydropower
- Development of the Municipality as a tourist destination that wolud be complementary to the Plitvice lakes.
The proposals are based on the sustainable exploitation of the resource base and technology that would not harm the environment.
Keywords: Municipality of Saborsko, economy, development potenitals, the expected development.
Aida Korjenić
DIFERENCIJACIJA PROSTORA UNSKO-SANSKOG KANTONA PREMA VODEĆIM FIZIČKOGEOGRAFSKIM DETERMINANTAMA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.876
UDC: 913:911.2]:711.061(497.6USK)
Abstract: Previous geographical regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina executed into two level or degrees: macroregional (region) and moesoregional (subregion). In this paper went to farther in separating smaller territorial complex in the Una Sana Canton. The leading criterions were physicalgeographical elements of a given space, or physiognomic principle of geographical regionalization. In this paper, in Una Sana Canton there are separate four physicalgeographical units, and within them, seven parts.
Keywords: Una Sana Canton, regionalization, physical-geographical determinants, smaller territorial units.
Biljana Govorušić
Tamara Višnić
PROBLEMI I PERSPEKTIVE PRIMJENE KONCEPTA ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA U PARKU PRIRODE „PALIĆ“
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.890
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1(497.113PP Palić)
Abstract: Based on the decision of the Municipal Asembly of Subotica and the Law on Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, areas of cadastral municipalities Donji i Novi Grad and the municipality of Palic, with total area of 712,36 ha, were placed in the second category of protection and became a Natural Park in 1996. Arround this protected area was established buffer zone of 1698,13 ha.
The basis of the protected area is Palic lake. In addition to indigenous natural values, in the Nature park, there are preserved park areas with a variety of decoratitve and ornamental dendroflora and the perennial species that enrich the content of this natural resource. Protection and development of „Palic“ Nature park are conducted in accordance with the development program. The custodian of the Natural Park is JP „Palic-Ludas“, with the approval of the Municipal Assembly. The last decades of the 19th centruy accelerated the process of converting Palic lake into a swamp. The development of industry has accelerated the degradation of the lake, and in the period from 1971 to 1975 the authorities had to do the complete rehabilitation of the lake. Palic lake in its present form is the water biotope with arranged water regime, exposed to numerous negative impacts from the environment and therefore it is significantly degraded. The increasing urbanization of the nearby areas (Subotica and Palic), wastewatter from industry and tourist facilities, and chemization of agricultural production in the immediate enviroment of the lake have to dischargement of an increasing amout of wastewater. These negative impacts have led to degradation of protected area.
To apply the concept of sustainable development in its most part, as is the practice in most protected natural areas, there is a need of a conscientious management approach that would result in reducing the negative impacts that natural and, mostly, man made factors have on the degradation of the ecosystem of the „Palic“ Nature park.
Keywords: „Palic“ Nature park, sustainable development, pollution, wastewater, tourism.
Rusmir Djedović
Almira Bećirović
ZONE ZELENILA U SAVREMENOJ FUNKCIONALNOPROSTORNOJ STRUKTURI GRADA TUZLE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.902
UDC: 911.37:712(497.6Tuzla)
Abstract: Functional and spatial structure of Tuzla is very complicated and it changes all the time, and its development is under the influence of natural, geographic and urban resources. In functional and spatial structure of Tuzla are the following areas: business, industrial, urban, traffic, sport and leisure, green areas, and areas for specific purpose. In city town areas, green parts have very important and specific functions and are dividede into linear (alea), spoting (individual trees) and spacial areas (parks).
Keywords: Town of Tuzla, funcional and spatial structure of Tuzla, green ares, parks.
Nedreta Kikanović
METODOLOŠKI PRISTUP ANALIZI PROSTORNOG RAZMJEŠTAJA NASELJENIH MJESTA OPĆINE TUZLA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.921
UDC: 911.37:711.061(497.6Tuzla)
Abstract: In this paper I discuss the „;system” and “network”; in this case the system and network of settlements - human agglomerations, as well as about the methods of analysis of the structure and utility infrastructure of individual settlements, towns and the City and their mutual influences, relationships and hierarchy. Neither the system nor the network are given categories, they are products of human activity in space and, hence, optimal routing and the development of agglomeration in a given area is one of the most important lever in guiding overall, and particularly the spatial development of certain communities. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, legaly, agglomeration levels are defined as: village, town and city. In addition, the spatial planning practice began to emerge the term „city-region” (district) which includes the spatial coverage of more „major” city characterized agglomerations and their surrounds, such as: Brčko with surrounds; Tuzla-Lukavac-Živinice; Travnik-Novi Travnik-Vitez; Zenica-Maglaj-Kakanj-Visoko. Properly designated settlement system is very important for the development of certain areas. This paper wishes to contribute to the research network of settlements for proper orientation of a planning application of selected area. The subject of designated usage of methodological analysis form is:
- the population of the settlements, town and city
- density of settlements, town and city
- functions of the settlements, town and city
- Size of gravitational zone,
- transport links,
- the rank and spatial functions of settlement
- level of centralization
On the example of Tuzla, the paper will present the methodological approach on analyzing the structure of the distribution of settlements.
Keywords: network of settlements, gravitational zone, rank and spatial functions of the settlement, a methodological approach on analyzing.
Lejla Žunić
DRUŠTVENO-GEOGRAFSKE DETERMINANTE URBANE JEZGRE SARAJEVA KAO OSNOVA PROSTORNOG PLANIRANJA
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.939
UDC: 911.37:711.061(497.6Sarajevo)
Abstract: Socio-geographical determinants of Sarajevo urban area (demogeographical, urban-geographical, economic-geographical) are basis of geographic space (in conjuction with natural geographical determinants), as well as of a spatial planning. Population is a main factor and participant of space physiognomy and functions, and it is the repository of the overall spatial development. Depending on humans is a development of other socio-geographical elements, settlements and economy. Research methodology is based on a complexive geographic analytical and synthetic approach to data processing folowed by an executive office and field work. The article aim is to research the main features and trends of socio-geographical determinants of Sarajevo urban area in order to provide a scientific geographical contribution at improvement of spatial planning in the town.
Keywords: Sarajevo, socio-geographical determinants, population, settlements, economy, spatial planning.
Jurica Botić
USPOREDNA ANALIZA HISTORIJSKO-GEOGRAFSKE UVJETOVANOSTI ŽUPANIJSKOG/KANTONALNOG UREĐENJA HRVATSKE TE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.958
UDC: 911.3:711.061(497.5:497.6)(091)
Abstract: The internal administrative-territorial organization guarantees a higher or lower level of decentralization of each state through the delegation of authority of the central government to local or regional administration. Considering the specific conditions in which the state systems of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were formed, this article attempts to determine similarities and differences in the processes of the formation of existing cantonal division of these two countries through the comparative analysis of their historical-geographical compatibilities. In the first section the article provides an overview of the administrativeterritorial structure of these countries, where the author acknowledges the diversity of the administrative-territorial organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the entity level, which is the reason why the further analysis relates primarily to the administrative-territorial organization of only one entity, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the following, the article compares the appreciation of the historicalgeographical legitimacy under which the current cantonal units in these countries were formed. In the case of Republic of Croatia, there was noticed a greater consistency in respecting the historical-geographical principles, but also excessive territorial fragmentation which makes dubious economic justification of such a territorial division. On the other hand, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the historicalgeographical principle, including the economic one, was sacrificed in favor of the ethnic principle, which resulted in economic and demographic imbalances of administrative-territorial structure of this entity.
Keywords: cantons, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, historicalgeographical principle, the ethnic principle.
Ševkija Okerić
DOI: 10.35666/28310438.2014.3.981
UDC:338 [913:711.061](497.6)
Abstract: Respecting the principles and methods of geographic regionalization, European Union consultants helped in forming economic-geographic regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In such economic geographical division was formed Sarajevo Economic Macro Region (SMR) within five regional economic units of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
SMR brings together five municipalities of central, eastern and southeastern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and it does not respect interenity boundary lines. Economic regions represent the base of future economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Regionalization, Europian Union, the economic-geographic regions, Sarajevo Economic Macro Region, development.